The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Amongst the Mount Gambier tribes (West Victoria) the females have
to construct the lodge, to collect firewood, and to make the
fire.[862] They always carry the fire-stick when travelling.[863]
They fetch water and collect all vegetable food, roots, and
mushrooms, with their digging-stick.[864] The men's task is
hunting; they do it generally in company.[865] Men make arms and
prepare skins; women, objects of use and adornment.[866]
[862] Stanbridge, _loc. cit._, p. 290.
[863] _Ibid._, p. 291.
[864] _Ibid._
[865] _Ibid._, p. 293.
[866] _Ibid._, p. 295.
We read in Angas that carrying all the things, digging of roots,
and making the huts is woman's work.[867]
[867] _Loc. cit._, pp. 82, 84, 87.
Eyre says that the women had to dress the huts.[868]
[868] _Loc. cit._, ii. p. 302.
We read in Br. Smyth that women had to carry all the "worldly
goods" of their husbands, even part of their arms.[869]
[869] _Loc. cit._, p. 85. This is a quotation on the
authority of an observer (Jardine).
The men hunt and women collect food during their march according
to Protector Thomas. There exists a customary communism among
them.[870]
[870] Howitt, _Nat. Tr._, p. 767.
Mitchell says that because of their great skill in manufacturing
all the things of daily use as "nets, cloaks, mussel-fishing,
rooting, etc.; and their patient submission to labour, always
carrying bags containing the whole property of the family while
they follow their masters, the great value of a gin to one of these
lazy fellows may be easily imagined."[871] They are, therefore, the
chief objects of all their fights.
[871] Quoted by Br. Smyth, i. p. 85.
Meyer states about the Encounter Bay tribes that the man regarded
his wife as a slave and let her do all the hard work, employing
her in all ways to his advantage.[872] He even prostituted her for
objects of use.[873] But he states also the typical division of
labour: "the men employ themselves ... either in fishing or hunting
emus, opossums, kangaroos, etc., while the women and children
search for roots and plants." It is also the women's task to
arrange the encampments.[874]
[872] _Loc. cit._, p. 191.
[873] This may be the influence of culture, as Europeans
are mentioned in connection therewith.
[874] pp. 191, 192.
In the Port Lincoln tribes men provided animal and women vegetable
food.[875]
[875] Schürmann, _loc. cit._, p. 221.
We read in another author, about the same tribes, that women have
to collect vegetable food, while the men are hunting.[876] There
is also some kind of division of consumption; men eat male, women
female animals, and children the small ones.[877]
[876] Chas. Wilhelmi, pp. 174, 175, 177.
[877] _Ibid._, p. 176.
Among the Wiradjuri (New South Wales): "The wife always looks after
the camping arrangements."[878]
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