The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Moore describes the women in West Australia as being almost the
slaves of their husbands. They have to attend upon the men and to
carry all their property. They construct the hut, kindle the fire,
and have to provide all the vegetable food.[905] The digging of the
yams is a very laborious task.[906] In return they often do not get
even their share of game.[907]
[905] _Loc. cit._, p. 80.
[906] _Ibid._, p. 74.
[907] _Ibid._, p. 80.
John Forrest writes in his account: "The women are nearly slaves,
having to do most of the hard work, such as making huts, carrying
wood, and also carrying all the baggage, which includes many
weapons, grease, 'wilgie,' and a host of articles, wooden dishes,
etc., besides often a child. The man does not generally carry much
except his spears, etc."[908]
[908] _Loc. cit._, p. 319.
Among some of the West Australian blacks, a female, before she is
married, has under certain circumstances to provide "individuals of
a certain degree of relationship to herself with a certain amount
of vegetable food."[909] After her marriage her husband is entitled
"to the chief part of her services. While she has to supply him
with unlimited quantities of yams and other roots, he does very
little towards providing for her wants, merely giving her the offal
of game." The woman is thus the chief caterer of the family. She
is "a slave in the strictest sense of the word, being a beast of
burden, a provider of food."[910]
[909] Murchison District, Oldfield, p. 249.
[910] _Ibid._, p. 250.
In South-West Australia the woman carries all the domestic
implements on her back. "Pendant que la femme chemine avec toute
cette charge, l'homme marche devant sa famille, portant seulement
ses armes de la main gauche." He looks for animals,[911] the chase
is his task.[912] The woman has to light the fire, carry the
fire-stick,[913] fetch the water[914]; she has also to construct
the hut.[915]
[911] Swan District, Salvado, p. 295.
[912] _Ibid._, see ch. viii. _passim_.
[913] p. 317.
[914] _Ibid._, p. 315.
[915] _Ibid._, p. 321.
We are informed by Browne that all the hard work, the carrying of
heavy burdens, camp arrangements, etc., is done by the women among
the natives of King George's Sound.[916]
[916] _Loc. cit._, p. 450.
The economic division of labour, based upon the co-operation of
both sexes, is stated by Scott Nind. The women and men go out in
search of food, or hunting, in separate parties. The women chiefly
collect roots and small animals; men go out hunting. Each sex
reserves a part of its share for the family. "The women are very
useful for them (their husbands), not only in procuring food, but
also in preparing their cloaks, building their huts and other
menial offices."[917]
[917] _Loc. cit._, pp. 36, 37. Refers to the tribes of King
George's Sound.
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