The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological StudyMalinowski, Bronislaw
History
The Family among the Australian Aborigines, a Sociological Study
Malinowski, Bronislaw
Aboriginal Australians -- Social life and customs; Ethnology -- Australia; Families -- History
Lumholtz speaks of the woman as the slave of her husband. "He
does only what pleases himself, and leaves all work to his wives;
therefore the more wives he has the richer he is."[896] We see here
again the economic value of a wife directly stated. In another
place: "It is the women who daily provide food," often making long
excursions for this purpose, and collecting fruits, digging roots
and chopping larvæ out of the tree-stems. "She must do all the
hard work," carry the baby, make the fire, cook, provide water and
fuel, dress the hut. She carries all the baggage on the march, as
well as the children. The man carries only his arms. "The husband's
contribution to the household is chiefly honey, but occasionally he
provides eggs, game, lizards, and the like. He very often, however,
keeps the animal food for himself, while the woman has to depend
principally upon vegetables for herself and her child. Upon the
whole he feels no responsibility as the father of a family."[897]
It is interesting to find that the men make not only weapons but
also, exclusively, baskets.[898]
[896] _Loc. cit._, p. 100.
[897] _Loc. cit._, p. 160, 161.
[898] _Ibid._, p. 193.
Among the North-West Queensland tribes: "It is the husband's
business, in the main, to supply the animal food for the family,
and although a particular dietary may be forbidden him he has no
compunction in hunting or killing it for his kith and kin."[899]
It is necessary to add that according to Roth's information each
member of a given family has some special food forbidden to him;
because each class has its special food taboos, and in a family the
father, the mother and the children, each belong to a different
class.[900] Roth sees in this institution the chief aim of the
class system.[901] Vegetable food and fish seem to be supplied by
women chiefly.[902] The same general principle of sexual division
of labour is reported in another place by the same author. We read
there that the father's duty was to supply his family with animal
food, whereas the mother had to provide the vegetable food. On the
wanderings the wife follows her husband at a considerable distance,
carrying all the implements and often the children.[903]
[899] _Eth. Stud._, p. 184.
[900] _Ibid._, p. 57.
[901] _Ibid._, p. 69.
[902] _Eth. Stud._, ch. v. _passim_, especially pp. 91, 94,
95.
[903] _N.Q. Eth. Bull._ 8, p. 9, § 2.
Among the natives of Cape York the woman has to procure practically
all food for herself and her husband.[904]
[904] Macgillivray, _loc. cit._, ii. p. 9.
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