Amongst the Dieri there was besides the regular Tippa Malku marriage, the occasional _Pirrauru_ relation. The sexual intercourse of the latter was confined to some festival or to the case when the Tippa Malku husband was absent. The number of _Pirraurus_ of each man was limited, and they were strictly assigned to each other. There was sexual jealousy amongst the _Pirraurus_. The husband had, apparently, the right to decline the use of his wife to any _Pirrauru_. The _Pirrauru_ relation will be discussed more in detail below. The custom of wife-lending is prevalent: "continually their wives are lent for prostitution, the husband receiving presents."[264] It may be noted, that this is the only place where wife-lending is stated to take this form. Besides, we are informed by Howitt that the unmarried girls and widows were allowed a considerable amount of sexual freedom, this custom being called _Ngura-mundu_.[265] [264] _J.A.I._, xxiv. p. 170. Gason in answer to Prof. Frazer's "Questions." [265] _Nat. Tr._, p. 187. The Urabunna, living in the neighbourhood of the Dieri, had an institution analogous to the _Pirrauru_ custom. Besides his _Nupa_ or individual wives, of whom he might possess one or two, who were "specially attached to him and lived with him in his own camp," he could have several _Piraungarus_ to whom he had "access under certain conditions."[266] (But we are not informed what these conditions are; we may infer, however, that they are analogous to those existing among the Dieri, which we know in detail: see below.) Our authors inform us further that the _Piraungarus_ "are to be found living grouped together."[267] We shall discuss below this _Piraungaru_ relation more in detail. [266] Spencer and Gillen, _Nat. Tr._, p. 109. [267] _Idem_, _Nor. Tr._, pp. 72, 73. Amongst the Arunta nation, there are different occasions on which men besides the husband have sexual access to the woman. There are the customs at the "initiation" of the girls.[268] And there are many cases in which the husband is compelled by custom to waive his rights on behalf of some one else; such instances generally happen in connection with ceremonial gatherings.[269] It is important to note that on these occasions men have access to women with whom it would be most criminal for them to have intercourse under normal conditions; and a man may cohabit even with his mother-in-law, from whom he is under normal conditions absolutely isolated.[270] [268] Spencer and Gillen, _Nat. Tr._, chap. iii. pp. 92-96; and _Nor. Tr._, chap. iv., pp. 133 _sqq._ About these ceremonies, some words were said above, pp. 42, 43, in connection with marriage ceremonies. [269] _Nat. Tr._, pp. 96, 97. [270] _Ibid._, p. 97, and _Nor. Tr._, p. 137. The features of these ceremonial licences will be discussed more in detail below.