2. As a general proposition, it appears that the maintenance of a
woodlot for the growing of fuel, so far as Kentucky is concerned,
is not an important consideration. So far as my observation goes
throughout the State――even in the rural districts――coal is the general
fuel in use on account of the abundance of supply and is in a large
number of ways cheaper and preferable to wood as a fuel. On this
account the woodlot will supply only a very small amount of fuel and
consideration of this matter is not important. If it does happen that a
supply of fuel wood is desirable or necessary on the farm, undoubtedly,
hickory and oak lend themselves most readily for this purpose. Any
species of hickory grows fairly rapidly, and certain species of oak, as
for instance red oak, makes a reasonably rapid growth. A woodlot for
this purpose would be managed as a sprout forest.
3. The removal of forests and wooded areas of Kentucky has undoubtedly
resulted in certain climatic changes. These are principally to be
noticed in the prevalence of high winds which formerly did not exist,
and such winds have a marked effect on certain farm activities, as for
instance the handling of an orchard or the handling of stock. A shelter
belt, therefore, offers protection to the farm house and surrounding
buildings. To be of use, the shelter belt or wind break must be in the
direction of the prevailing winds. Further, since in all probability
a shelter belt is of most use and is most desirable in the winter
time, the component species in the shelter belt should be, to a large
extent, evergreens, so that the effectiveness may be as great in winter
as in summer. In connection with an orchard, a shelter belt or wind
break, undoubtedly, protects against cold and destructive currents of
air which injure the orchard in various ways either by injuring the
blossoms of the fruit, or at a later period, by injuring the fruit,
which is blown from the trees by the wind and left in bad condition for
shipping.
The species then which should compose a shelter belt should, as far as
possible, have these characteristics. They should grow fast to furnish
the maximum amount of protection in the shortest space of time, and
should have as wide a usefulness as possible. So far as the majority
of instances are concerned, the shelter belt might have two objects.
The production of useful material for the farm as fence posts as well
as a wind break. In this case, it would be well to plant black locust
in conjunction with some evergreens, as white pine or Norway spruce,
hemlock or yellow pine. The number of evergreens which may be utilized
for this purpose in Kentucky are limited, but the number of hardwoods
which lend themselves to this purpose is very great, as for instance,
the hickories, ashes, black locust, poplars, tulip poplar, osage orange
and others. Beech also makes a good tree for the composition of a
shelter belt.
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