The Farmer's Veterinarian: A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Farm Stock — John Shaqi
The Farmer's Veterinarian: A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Farm StockBurkett, Charles William
Science
The Farmer's Veterinarian: A Practical Treatise on the Diseases of Farm Stock
Burkett, Charles William
Veterinary medicine
The process of digestion is finally ended in the intestines, where
absorption into the system takes place. There is no opening at all from
the bowels into the body, but the digestive nutriment is picked up by
the blood when handed into the body from the intestines by means of
countless little cells called villi, that line the walls of the
intestines. These villi cells have little hair-like projections
extending into the intestines, which constantly move; these protrusions,
as they move about, catch on to the digested nutriment, draw it into
the cells themselves, where it is handed on to the blood, when it is
later on distributed to all parts of the body. You can realize that an
immense number of these absorption cells are present when the length of
the intestine is considered. In the ox the intestine is nearly 200 feet
long. After the nutriment is drawn from the food the undigested portions
are voided periodically as feces or dung.
[Illustration: STOMACH OF RUMINANT
The four main divisions of the ruminant’s stomach are pictured here. The
first three divisions are the store-houses for food until it is fully
prepared for the fourth stomach or abomasum.]
=Absorption of the Nutriment.=--Digestion, therefore, is a dissolving
process; food is admitted to the system by means of cells. You remember
that all plant food first passes into a soluble state before it can
enter the roots and be conveyed to the parts of the plants that require
additional food for growth. In the case of plants the entrance is by
means of the root hairs. In the case of the animal, entrance in the body
is by means of the villi cells that line the intestines. From this we
see that digestion is both an intricate and delicate process. Any loss
of appetite, any disturbance of the digestion work, and any irregularity
of the bowels bear decided results, one way or the other, to the rest of
the system; and any disturbance of the body at other points, although
having no direct relation to the digestion system, sooner or later
affects the digestion and in so doing causes additional trouble.
Directly affecting digestion may be improper food, either liquid or
solid; and over-exercise or not enough of it may prove troublesome, for
exercise is clearly related to digestion. When the digestion process is
disturbed, air or gas may accumulate in the stomach or bowels and give
rise to colic or hoven. A watery action of the intestines, due to
inflammation or irritation, may lead to dysentery and enteritis; or some
obstruction like a hair-ball or a clover fuzzy ball, or the knotting of
the intestines, may occur, temporarily or permanently impairing
digestion so seriously often as to cause death itself.
CIRCULATION
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