Produced by Al Haines [Frontispiece: The Fathers of Confederation. After a painting by Robert Harris.] THE FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION A Chronicle of the Birth of the Dominion by A. H. U. COLQUHOUN TORONTO GLASGOW, BROOK & COMPANY 1916 _Copyright in all Countries subscribing to the Berne Convention_ TO COLONEL GEORGE T. DENISON WHOSE LIFE-WORK IS PROOF THAT LOYALTY TO THE EMPIRE IS FIDELITY TO CANADA {ix} CONTENTS Page I. THE DAWN OF THE MOVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. OBSTACLES TO UNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 III. THE EVE OF CONFEDERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 IV. THE HOUR AND THE MEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 V. THE CHARLOTTETOWN CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 VI. THE QUEBEC CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 VII. THE RESULTS OF THE CONFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 VIII. THE DEBATES OF 1865 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 IX. ROCKS IN THE CHANNEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 X. 'THE BATTLE OF UNION' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 XI. THE FRAMING OF THE BILL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 XII. THE FIRST DOMINION MINISTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 XIII. FROM SEA TO SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 XIV. THE WORK OF THE FATHERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 {xi} ILLUSTRATIONS THE FATHERS OF CONFEDERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . _Frontispiece_ After the painting by Robert Harris. WILLIAM SMITH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _facing page_ 4 From a portrait in the Parliament Buildings, Ottawa. SIR ALEXANDER T. GALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 16 From a photograph by Topley. GEORGE BROWN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 32 From a photograph in the possession of Mrs Freeland Barbour, Edinburgh. SIR GEORGE CARTIER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 42 From a painting in the Château de Ramezay. SIR JOHN A. MACDONALD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 80 From the painting by A. Dickson Patterson. SIR CHARLES TUPPER, BART. . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 116 From a photograph by Elliott and Fry, London. ALEXANDRE ANTONIN TACHÉ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 166 From a photograph lent by Rev. L. Messier, St Boniface. AN ELECTION CAMPAIGN--GEORGE BROWN ADDRESSING AN AUDIENCE OF FARMERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " " 180 From a colour drawing by C. W. Jefferys. {1} CHAPTER I THE DAWN OF THE MOVEMENT