The Fayûm and Lake MœrisBrown, R. H. (Robert Hanbury)
History
The Fayûm and Lake Mœris
Brown, R. H. (Robert Hanbury)
Fayyum (Egypt) -- Description and travel; Moeris, Lake (Egypt)
Strabo remarks, that “the Lake Mœris, by its magnitude and depth,
is able to receive the superabundance of water which flows into
it at the time of the rise of the river, without overflowing the
inhabited and cultivated parts of the province.” This could not be
made to accord with M. Linant’s theory, and can only be understood
by supposing that the _high_ lands in the Fayûm were reclaimed, and
that the flood waters filled the rest of the Fayûm without rising
so high as to inundate them. At the same time the area of the lake
must have been great to fit it, under this limitation, to receive
a sufficient volume to moderate the Nile floods and to be able to
return to the Nile a sufficiently large supply to supplement the low
Nile discharge in an efficient manner. The figures representing the
possible performances of the lake have been given.
Diodorus also says, “Accordingly the king dug a canal from the
Nile to the basin 10 miles in length and 300 feet in breadth.” This
would seem to show that the canal took off from the Nile immediately
opposite Lahûn, for, if its mouth had been carried further south
up the Nile, its length would have exceeded 10 miles. The breadth
of 300 feet equals 91½ metres. This also agrees with the size of
the inflow and outflow canals which would have been necessary to
discharge the calculated volumes.
A canal with bed width 90 metres, depth 8 metres, and water surface
slope ¹⁄₂₀₀₀₀, will discharge about 69½ million cubic metres per 24
hours, which agrees with the calculation for the inflow.
A canal with bed width of 90 metres, depth 6½ metres, and water surface
slope of ¹⁄₂₅₀₀₀, would discharge 34 million cubic metres per 24
hours, which agrees with the calculations for the outflow.
Diodorus remarks also that “a little south of Memphis a canal was
cut for a lake, brought down in length from the city 40 miles.”
This is somewhat obscure, but may mean that a canal 40 miles in
length was dug to connect Memphis with the lake. Supposing the canal
that fed the lake from the Nile passed Abûsir-el-Malaq as already
described, the canal to connect the lake and Memphis would have
taken off from the feeder canal at or near Abûsir-el-Malaq. The
distance from that point to the modern Bedreshên, the station at
which tourists alight for viewing the ruins of Memphis, is 47 miles,
and it is quite possible that what was known as Memphis extended
several miles to the south, and that the canal was only 40 miles in
length between Abûsir-el-Malaq and Memphis.
Herodotus states that the lake is six months filling and six months
emptying. With the surface level of the lake limited to R.L. 22·50,
and with the mouth of the feeder canal near Ashment and the outflow
at Kosheshah Escape, such would be the case, for though the lake
might be filled during the months of flood to R.L. 22·50, there
would still be a flow into the lake for the remainder of the six
months to meet loss by evaporation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account