Report of the School Medical Officer for Kidderminster for 1911, p. 2. It is indeed impossible to say how much malnutrition is due to poverty. Though the immediate cause may be disease, overwork, or overcrowding, these evils are themselves largely the result of insufficient means. The relation between the malnutrition of the children and the amount of the family income is strikingly illustrated by the results of an enquiry recently made into the diet of the labouring classes in Glasgow. A careful study was made of the family diet of certain selected families during a week, or in some cases a fortnight, and the energy value of each diet expressed in terms of the requirements of a man per day, a woman or a boy of 14 to 16 being reckoned as equivalent to .8 of a man, a girl of 14 to 16 as .7, and children of 10 to 13, 6 to 9, 2 to 5, and under 2 respectively as .6, .5, .4, .3. "If a family diet expressed in this way gives a yield of energy of less than 3,500 calories per man per day, it is insufficient for active work, and if less than 3,000 calories, it is quite inadequate for the proper maintenance of growth and of normal activity."[477] Footnote 477: Report upon a Study of the Diet of the Labouring Classes in the City of Glasgow carried out during 1911-12, by Dorothy E. Lindsay, B.Sc., 1913, pp. 5-6. "Taking the average intake of energy and of protein in the various groups [comprising 52 families], the results are as follows:-- Energy. Protein. Group A. [Income regular, average 39s.] 3,184 113.8 (excluding LIX. abnormal) Group B. [Income regular, lodgers kept, 3,316 111.7 average 43s.] Group C. [Income regular, between 27s. & 3,467 118 31s.] Group D. [ " " " 20s. & 3,456 117.7 25s.] Group E. [ " " under 20s.] 2,690 97.8 Group F. [Income irregular, over 20s.] 2,994 108 (excluding XLIV. abnormal) 2,784 101.4 Group G. [Income irregular, under 20s.] 2,797 96.6 Group H. [ " " father 3,155 103.9 drinks] or, excluding XXVII. abnormal 2,921 95.6