_Ibid._, pp. 99, 106. In 1909 it was found that out of 189 cities from which information was obtained, in 78 meals were being provided by voluntary societies, without any subsidy from, or control by, the municipal authorities, though these latter usually co-operated in the supervision and service, and often supplied rooms, gas and cooking free; in 68 cities, meals were provided by voluntary organisations, but the city governments subsidised, and usually exercised some control over, their work; while in 43 cities the provision of meals was undertaken entirely by the municipality.[620] Footnote 620: _Ibid._, pp. 114-5. (e) Austria In Austria school meals are provided in most of the large towns. In Vienna the Central Association for feeding necessitous school children was founded in 1887, with the help and approval of the municipality, the Mayor acting as President and the Municipal Council being represented on its Administrative Council. Meals were given from November to April, occasionally at the schools, but more often in restaurants. All the meals were supplied free. The children were selected by the School Managers and the headmaster, and enquiry was made by Local Committees with the help of voluntary workers. The teachers supervised the meals.[621] In 1888-9, the Municipal Council made a grant to this society towards the provision of food;[622] by 1896 this municipal subsidy amounted to 50,000 frs. (L2,000), while 52,500 frs. were granted for the supply of clothing.[623] In 1906 the food subsidy had risen to L3,350.[624] The provision made was, however, inadequate. Meals were only given during the winter, and were not obtained by all the children who needed them. It was felt that the city ought to assume direct control. In 1909 kitchens and dining-rooms were built in four new public schools.[625] Footnote 621: "Prize Essays on Feeding School Children," 1890, pp. 66-70, 181-7, 197-8. Footnote 622: _Ibid._, pp. 138, 198. Footnote 623: London School Board, Report on Underfed Children attending School, 1899, pp. 258, 260-261. Footnote 624: _Feeding of School Children in Continental and American Cities_, 1906, p. 6. Footnote 625: _School Feeding_, by Louise S. Bryant, 1913, p. 143. (f) Belgium