Desire for family limitation result of our social system.--Desire and practice not uniform through all classes.--The best limit, the worst do not.--Early marriages and large families.--N.Z. marriage rates.--Those who delay, and those who abstain from marriage.--Good motives mostly actuate.--All limitation implies restraint.--Birth-rates vary inversely with prudence and self-control.--The limited family usually born in early married life when progeny is less likely to be well developed.--Our worst citizens most prolific. Effect of poverty on fecundity.--Effect of alcoholic intemperance.--Effect of mental and physical defects.--Defectives propagate their kind.--The intermittent inhabitants of Asylums and Gaols constitute the greatest danger to society.--Character the resultant of two forces--motor impulse and inhibition.--Chief criminal characteristic is defective inhibition.--This defect is strongly hereditary.--It expresses itself in unrestrained fertility. CHAPTER VIII.--THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE FIT IN RELATION TO STATE p. 77 The State's ideal in relation to the fertility of its subjects.--Keen competition means great effort and great waste of life.--If in the minds of the citizens space and food are ample multiplication works automatically.--To New Zealanders food now includes the luxuries as well as the necessities of life.--Men are driven to the alternative of supporting a family of their own or a degenerate family of defectives.--The State enforces the one but cannot enforce the other.--New Zealand taxation.--The burden of the bread-winner.--As the State lightens this burden it encourages fertility.--The survival of the unfit makes the burden of the fit. CHAPTER IX.--THE MULTIPLICATION OF THE UNFIT IN RELATION TO THE STATE p. 85 Ancient methods of preventing the fertility of the unfit.--Christian sentiment suppressed inhuman practices.--Christian care brings many defectives to the child-bearing period of life.--The association of mental and physical defects.--Who are the unfit?--The tendency of relatives to cast their degenerate kinsfolk on the State.--Our social conditions manufacture defectives and foster their fertility.--The only moral force that limits families is inhibition with prudence.--Defective self-control transmitted hereditarily.--Dr. MacGregor's cases.--The transmission of insanity.--Celibacy of the insane is the prophylaxis of insanity in the race.--The environment of the unfit.--Defectives snatched from Nature's clutches.--At the age of maturity they are left to propogate their kind. CHAPTER X.--WHAT ANÆSETICS AND ANTISEPTICS HAVE MADE POSSIBLE p. 99 Education of defectives in prudence and self-restraint of little avail.--Surgical suggestions discussed. CHAPTER XI.--TUBO-LIGATURE p. 110