Certain phases of polygamy one cannot discuss frankly. Children are not
weaned until the age of two or three years. During this period of
lactation the husband and wife observe absolute continence in regard to
each other. But he has other wives and this continence imposes no
restraint upon him. And to the woman it is a source of so much
unhappiness and jealousy that she frequently refuses to bear children,
and resorts to abortion. This practice of abortion, and its relation to
polygamy, is curiously overlooked by those who advocate polygamy for
Africa. It is doubtless more common in some tribes than in others.
But while polygamy is obnoxious to the woman’s instinct, it is impressed
upon her that the instinct is selfish and ought to be suppressed, and
that it is right to be willing to share her husband with other wives. It
is just at this point that the teaching of Christianity makes so strong
an appeal to the African woman; and her response is whole-hearted. It
truly “finds” her. I know women in Gaboon who have suffered
inexpressible humiliation and grief when their husbands took other
wives, and who immediately separated from them and lived their remaining
years in widowhood.
The Orungu tribe, immediately south of Gaboon, from whom I often
obtained workmen, have a peculiarly large body of stories and legends,
which form a kind of commentary on all their customs. The following is
an example:
Once upon a time there was a very great king, Ra-Nyambia, who had many
sons and daughters, and whose servant was Wind. Now, one of this king’s
daughters, Ogula, had an _ngalo_. The ngalo is a very powerful fetish.
Some favoured persons are born with it. It is never acquired by others.
Ogula, when she became a “whole” woman, declared that she was not
willing to have a husband who would have other wives, but must have one
who would be all her own. She waited a long time, but found no man who
was fit to be her husband. Then she consulted her ngalo, who told her
what to do. One day shortly after this, when her father’s people were
going hunting, she said to them: “Find for me a wild goat, and do not
kill it, but bring it to me alive.”
So the hunters brought her a wild goat; and when Ogula saw it she said:
“It is well.”
She then requested one of the hunters to kill the wild goat and skin it
most carefully. She also requested another hunter to fill her canoe with
water. The skin she burned in the fire till all that was left was ashes,
and the ashes she carefully wrapped in plantain leaves and put away in a
safe place. Then she commanded that the entire body of the wild goat
should be placed in the canoe, which was full of water. There she left
it for three days. On the third day, standing beside the canoe, she
addressed her ngalo and said: “Oh, ngalo mine, turn this goat into a
handsome and stylish man.”
Immediately there leaped out of the canoe a very handsome and stylish
man.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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