Produced by Al Haines [Frontispiece: FRONTENAC ANSWERING PHIPS'S MESSENGER, 1690. From a colour drawing by C. W. Jefferys] THE FIGHTING GOVERNOR A Chronicle of Frontenac BY CHARLES W. COLBY TORONTO GLASGOW, BROOK & COMPANY 1915 Copyright in all Countries subscribing to the Berne Convention {v} CONTENTS Page I. CANADA IN 1672 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 II. LOUIS DE BUADE, COMTE DE FRONTENAC . . . . . . . . . . . 17 III. FRONTENAC'S FIRST YEARS IN CANADA . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 IV. GOVERNOR, BISHOP, AND INTENDANT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 V. FRONTENAC'S PUBLIC POLICY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 VI. THE LURID INTERVAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 VII. THE GREAT STRUGGLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 VIII. FRONTENAC'S LAST DAYS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162 INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164 {vii} ILLUSTRATIONS FRONTENAC ANSWERING PHIPS'S MESSENGER, 1690 . . . . _Frontispiece_ From a colour drawing by C. W. Jefferys. LADY FRONTENAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . _Facing page 22_ From a painting in the Versailles Gallery. JEAN BAPTISTE COLBERT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 26 From an engraving in the Château de Ramezay. ROBERT CAVELIER DE LA SALLE . . . . . . . . . . . . " 40 From an engraving by Waltner, Paris. FIGURE OF FRONTENAC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " 80 From the Hébert Statue at Quebec. PIERRE LE MOYNE, SIEUR D'IBERVILLE . . . . . . . . . " 118 From an engraving in the John Ross Robertson Collection, Toronto Public Library. {1} CHAPTER I CANADA IN 1672 The Canada to which Frontenac came in 1672 was no longer the infant colony it had been when Richelieu founded the Company of One Hundred Associates. Through the efforts of Louis XIV and Colbert it had assumed the form of an organized province.[1] Though its inhabitants numbered less than seven thousand, the institutions under which they lived could not have been more elaborate or precise. In short, the divine right of the king to rule over his people was proclaimed as loudly in the colony as in the motherland.