The Fighting Governor: A Chronicle of FrontenacColby, Charles W. (Charles William)
History
The Fighting Governor: A Chronicle of Frontenac
Colby, Charles W. (Charles William)
Canada -- History -- To 1763 (New France); Frontenac, Louis de Buade, comte de, 1620-1698
On his arrival in 1672 Frontenac found the Jesuits, the Sulpicians, and
the Récollets all actively engaged in converting the heathen. He
desired that more attention should be paid to the creation of parishes
for the benefit of the colonists. Over this issue there arose, as we
shall see by and by, acute differences between the bishop and the
governor.
Owing to the large part which religion had in the life of New France
the bishop took his {9} place beside the governor and the intendant.
This was the triumvirate of dignitaries. Primarily each represented a
different interest--war, business, religion. But they were brought
into official contact through membership in the _Conseil Souverain_,
which controlled all details of governmental action.
The Sovereign Council underwent changes of name and composition, but
its functions were at all times plainly defined. In 1672 the members
numbered seven. Of these the governor, the bishop, and the intendant
formed the nucleus, the other four being appointed by them. In 1675
the king raised the number of councillors to ten, thus diluting the
authority which each possessed, and thenceforth made the appointments
himself. Thus during the greater part of Frontenac's régime the
governor, the bishop, and the intendant had seven associates at the
council-board. Still, as time went on, the king felt that his control
over this body was not quite perfect. So in 1703 he changed the name
from Sovereign Council to Superior Council, and increased its members
to a total of fifteen.
The Council met at the Château St Louis on Monday morning of each week,
at a round table where the governor had the bishop on {10} his right
hand and the intendant on his left. Nevertheless the intendant
presided, for the matters under discussion fell chiefly in his domain.
Of the other councillors the attorney-general was the most conspicuous.
To him fell the task of sifting the petitions and determining which
should be presented. Although there were local judges at Quebec, Three
Rivers, and Montreal, the Council had jurisdiction over all important
cases, whether criminal or civil. In the sphere of commerce its powers
were equally complete and minute. It told merchants what profits they
could take on their goods, and how their goods should be classified
with respect to the percentage of profit allowed. Nothing was too
petty for its attention. Its records depict with photographic accuracy
the nature of French government in Canada. From this source we can see
how the principle of paternalism was carried out to the last detail.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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