The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of CustomThomson, Basil
History
The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of Custom
Thomson, Basil
Ethnology -- Fiji; Fijians
Now, as I have already said, the great chief of Mbau, Mbanuve, died of
the _lila_, and was thereafter known as Mbale-i-vavalangi--the victim of
the foreign disease. When the comet of 1882 appeared, the old men
declared that it presaged the death of Thakombau, for that a larger
comet had foretold the death of King Mbanuve, and a smaller one the
destruction of Suva in 1843. We know that the successor of Mbanuve,
Na-uli-vou, or Ra Mate-ni-kutu, was reigning in 1809, when Charles
Savage, the Swede, arrived in the group. The only comet recorded about
the beginning of the century--Donati's, which appeared in 1811, was too
late for Mbanuve's death--was the comet of 1803, and this date
corresponds exactly with the other traditions we have of Na-uli-vou's
reign, which we know lasted until 1829.
It is perhaps worth noting that on the day of the installation of
Na-uli-vou, while the sickness was still raging, there was a total
eclipse of the sun. "The birds went to roost at high noon, thinking from
the darkness that night had fallen." In the same year, says the
tradition, there was a hailstorm that broke down the yam-vines, followed
by a great hurricane which flooded the valley of the Rewa, swept
hundreds of the sick out to sea, and purged the land of the pestilence.
I have already given reasons for identifying this eclipse with that of
February 1803. There seems to be evidence enough for the belief that a
great epidemic was introduced by a vessel wrecked on the Argo
(Mbukatatanoa) reef in 1802-3.
And now for the symptoms. Mbanuve, it seems clear, died of acute
dysentery, but tradition also speaks of a lingering disease with
headache, intense thirst, loss of appetite, stuffiness of the nose, and
oppression of the chest. The second visitation, if indeed the two were
not raging together, seems to have been a very acute form of dysentery.
[Pageheader: CONTACT PRODUCES EPIDEMICS]
"Before white men came," says the oldest of the natives, "no one died of
acute diseases; the people who died were emaciated by lingering
infirmities. Coughs came with white men; so did dysentery, for Ratu
Mbanuve died of a foreign disease resembling dysentery soon after it was
brought here. This we have always heard from our elders." In attributing
the diminution of their race to infectious diseases introduced by
foreign ships, the Fijians do not limit their meaning to such illnesses
as measles, whooping-cough, or other zymotic epidemics, but they include
diseases now endemic among them, such as dysentery and influenza--not a
specific influenza which has overspread the world since 1889, but the
annual recurrent febrile catarrh or severe cold in the head and chest
which is now one of the commonest ailments in the country, and which
often terminates fatally in the case of the aged, infants, and those
already affected by pulmonary disease.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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