The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of CustomThomson, Basil
History
The Fijians: A Study of the Decay of Custom
Thomson, Basil
Ethnology -- Fiji; Fijians
If they seemed to hang fire, deft hints would be conveyed to them
by the gossip-mongers, that they were fast becoming a by-word on the
Nandi coast. If their offering fell short of the value due from them the
formal gratitude of their entertainers would lose nothing of its
correctness at the time. The speeches would be as complimentary as
usual, the hand-clapping as hearty, but none the less would they be made
to hang their heads with shame when they had returned to their own
island, and heard from the gossip-mongers some of the caustic epigrams
current in Nandi at their expense.
Technically, the merchandise of a _solevu_ was presented to the chief,
but the greater part of it reached the people whose labour had provided
its purchase-equivalent. A good chief divided it out upon the spot among
the septs composing the clan, who in turn assigned it to the individual
heads of houses; a selfish chief stored it away, and doled it out to
such of his dependants or subject chiefs as chose to ask for it by
_kere-kere_, but he applied it to his own use at the cost of his
popularity, and, therefore, of his power. So long as a chief felt that
his position depended on the suffrages of his subjects he did not dare
to indulge his greed, and the trade balance was preserved. He might,
however, apply it to the common advantage of the tribe, to pay off
allies, or to purchase a new alliance, in which case the consent of his
advisers carried with it the consent of the whole tribe. A European,
staying with a great chief such as the Vunivalu of Mbau, is astonished
at the number of minor presentations. Several times, perhaps, during the
course of the day the _tama_ is shouted from without the house. The
chief's _mata_ looks out, and announces the arrival of some subject clan
with an offering--a roll of sinnet, a bale of cloth, a turtle, and the
inevitable root of kava. A few of the household step out to listen to
the speech of presentation and clap their hands in the prescribed form,
but the chief himself scarcely deigns to check his conversation to
listen. The merchandise is carried to a storehouse, where in due course
it will be doled out to some chief desiring it, for the use of his
numerous dependants, or used in the tangled political negotiations on
which the safety of the federation depends. These minor presentations
are in reality public revenue, and their equivalent in England would be
found if every landowner brought his income-or land-tax in kind to
Windsor and laid it with due ceremony at the gate of the castle.
[Pageheader: THE RITUAL]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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