The First Airplane Diesel Engine: Packard Model DR-980 of 1928Meyer, Robert B.
History
The First Airplane Diesel Engine: Packard Model DR-980 of 1928
Meyer, Robert B.
Airplanes -- Motors (Diesel)
Capt. Woolson designed the production model with a single large valve
for each cylinder. This was done in order to shorten the development
period, for it is easier to design a single valve which serves both the
intake and exhaust functions than one valve for each function. Not only
are there fewer parts, but more important, there are no heat-dissipating
problems. Although the single valve is heated when it releases the
exhaust gases, it is immediately cooled by the incoming air of the next
cycle. This cooling advantage is not shared by a valve which only passes
exhaust gases.[22]
Cylinder Head: Ribs were added to increase its rigidity (compare fig. 32
with fig. 33).
Engine Size: A 400-hp model was developed in 1930. It was not put into
production.[23]
Comments
Comments of Aeronautical Engineers: These comments appeared in
_Aviation_ for February 15, 1930, just a month before the Packard diesel
received its approved-type certificate. They were in answer to the
question, "What is your opinion of the probable early future of the
compression ignition type of engine in aircraft powerplants?" Most of
the engineers were enthusiastic about the diesel engine's future in
aviation; however, neither George J. Mead nor C. Fayette Taylor shared
their colleagues' opinions. Mead's prophesy was accurate except for his
discounting the diesel's role in lighter-than-air craft. Taylor was
correct in implying that there was a future for the diesel in powering
airships.
George J. Mead (vice president and technical director, Pratt & Whitney
Aircraft Company):
Compared with the present Otto cycle engine, the Diesel powerplant
weight, including fuel for a long-distance flight, would apparently
be less. It is doubtful whether there would be any saving if the
orthodox engine were operated on a more suitable fuel. Inherently
the Diesel engine must stand higher pressures and therefore is
heavier per horsepower. A partial solution of this difficulty is
the two-cycle operation, which seems almost a requirement if the
Diesel cycle is to be considered at all for aircraft. For any
normal commercial operation in the United States there seems to be
little or no improvement to be had from the Diesel. After all, it
is not entirely a question of fuel cost but payloads carried for a
given horsepower. It seemed at one time as though the Diesel was
particularly desirable for Zeppelin work. Now that blau gas has
been introduced, which obviates the need of valving precious
lifting gas, the Diesel cycle seems much less interesting for this
purpose. There may be a reduction in fire hazard and radio
interference with the Diesel cycle, but it is doubtful whether it
will be used in view of these considerations alone.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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