The first French Republic : $b A study of the origin and the contents of the declaration of the rights of man, of the constitution, and of the adoption of the republican form of government in 1792Conaway, Horace Mann
History
The first French Republic : $b A study of the origin and the contents of the declaration of the rights of man, of the constitution, and of the adoption of the republican form of government in 1792
Conaway, Horace Mann
Constitutional history -- France; France -- History -- Revolution, 1789-1799; Thesis (Ph. D.)
[52] A pamphlet of 1789, “Lettre d’un Curé de Picardie à un évêque
sur le droit des curés d’assister aux assemblées du clergé et aux
États-généraux,” etc., illustrates how the curates applied the natural
rights doctrine: “Les droits des hommes réunis en société ne sont point
fondés sur leur histoire mais sur _leur nature_. Il ne peut y avoir de
raisons de perpétuer les établissements faits sans raisons, 3 p.” In
vol. 84 of _French Revolution Collection of the Pennsylvania Historical
Society_.
[53] _Contrat Social_, Livre ii, ch. iv, 43.
[54] _Ibid._, Livre i, ch. vi, 20.
[55] _Contrat Social_, Livre II, ch. I, 35.
[56] _Ibid._, Livre II, ch. IV, 43-44.
[57] _Ibid._, Livre II, ch. VI, 54-55.
[58] _Ibid._, Livre II, ch. IV, p. 46.
[59] Quesnay said: “The security of property is the essential foundation
of the economic order of society.” _Maximes générales au gouvernement,
Physiocrates_, ii, 83, Paris, 1846. Turgot, writing of the omnipotence of
the State, said: “This principle that nothing should limit the rights of
society upon the individual, save the greater good of society, appears
to me false and dangerous. Every man is born free, and this liberty can
never be limited unless it degenerate into license, that is to say,
ceases to be liberty.... It is forgotten that society is made for the
individual, that is, instituted only for protecting the rights of all, by
assuring the accomplishment of all mutual duties.” Quoted by M. E. Daire,
_Physiocrates_, ii, Introd., xxi, xxii.
[60] _Ésprit des Lois_, Liv. xi.
[61] Saint Girons, _Droit public français_, treats thoroughly the
question of separation of powers. Mirabeau in referring to the separation
of powers, in a speech delivered in the Assembly July 16, 1789, pointed
out the general misapprehension of this theory: “Nous aurons bientôt
occasion d’examiner cette théorie des trois pouvoirs, laquelle exactement
analysée montrera peut être la facilité de l’ésprit humain à prendre
des mots pour des choses, des formules pour des arguments et à se
routiner vers un certain ordre d’idées sans revenir jamais à examiner
l’intelligible définition qu’il a prise pour un axiome.” _Arch. Parl._,
VIII, 243.
[62] G. Picot, _Histoire des États généraux_; Ch. Langlois, _États
généraux_ in _La Grande Encyclopédie_.
[63] Jules Flammermont, _Remontrances du Parlement de Paris au XVIII.
siècle_, Introd., XCII.
[64] _Dictionnaire Nouvelle, Parlements._
[65] T. i, 78, 266.
[66] Martin, _Histoire de France_, xi, 543.
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