Arist. ‘Some think that odour is a smoky exhalation, ... and that every one is brought in contact with this in smelling. So Herakleitos says that if all things,’ etc. The reference is originally to the conflagration of the universe [ἐκπύρωσις]. 38. Souls smell in Hades. Plutarch adds the reason: Because they retain a perception of what is fiery. 39. Cool things become warm, the warm grows cool; the wet dries, the parched becomes wet. 40. It scatters and brings together; it approaches and departs. This follows the next fragment, as illustrating change. 41-42. You could not step twice in the same rivers; for other and yet other waters are ever flowing on. 43. Herakleitos blamed Homer for saying: Would that strife might perish from among gods and men! For then, said he, all things would pass away. Aristotle assigns a different reason: For there could be no harmony without sharps and flats, nor living beings without male and female, which are contraries. 44. War is father of all and king of all; and some he made gods and some men, some slaves and some free. 45. Men do not understand how that which draws apart agrees with itself; harmony lies in the bending back, as for instance of the bow and of the lyre. V. Bernays, _Rhein. Mus._ vii. p. 94. Reading παλίντονος from fragment 56, we obtain the meaning ‘opposite tension’ more distinctly. 46. Opposition unites. From what draws apart results the most beautiful harmony. All things take place by strife. Quoted by Aristotle as an illustration of the search for a deeper principle, more in accordance with nature. 47. Hidden harmony is better than manifest. 48. Let us not make rash conjectures about the greatest things. 49. Men who desire wisdom must be learners of very many things. 50. For woolcarders the straight and the crooked path is one and the same. 51. Asses would rather have refuse than gold. 52. The sea is the purest and the foulest water; it is drinkable and healthful for fishes; but for men it is unfit to drink and hurtful. Quoted by Hippolytos as an example of Herakleitos’ identification of opposites. 53-54. Swine like to wash in the mire; barnyard fowls in the dust. 55. Every beast is tended by blows. Cf. Zeller, i. p. 724: ‘Every creature feeds on earth.’ (56. Identical with 45.) 57. Good and bad are the same. 58. (Good and bad are one; at any rate, as Herakleitos says) physicians, who cut and burn and in every way torment the sick, complain that they do not receive any adequate recompense from them. 59. Thou shouldst unite things whole and things not whole, that which tends to unite and that which tends to separate, the harmonious and the discordant; from all things arises the one, and from the one all things. 60. They would not have known the name of justice, were it not for these things. According to the context in Clement ‘these things’ refers to injustice.