The poet 'thrummed' three books into one in his work, namely, Wace's 'Geste des Bretons' (1155), his chief source, Baeda's work in his own Latin, and Alfred's translation of the same. The author has the distinction of being the first to commemorate King Arthur in English verse. =LAZARILLO DE TORMES.= [1554.] THE PLEASAUNT HISTORIE OF LAZARILLO DE TORMES, A SPANIARDE ... draune out of Spanish by David Rowland ... 1586. 'This little work may be thought by some of a low and trifling nature: but it is the first of a race of comic romances. For wit, spirit and inexhaustible resources ... there is nothing like the Spanish rogue'. 'The first novela picaresca, or rogue story'. The appearance of this work (1554) marks the date at which such stories first took shape as a distinct branch of the novel, to be known as the 'picaroon' or 'picaresque'. From that time, for nearly a century, the 'Novelas de Picaros' are a chief product of Spanish writing. Chief among the progeny of 'Lazarillo' are 'Guzman de Alfarache' (1599), a sequel to 'L' itself by Luma (1620), and 'The Life of Buscon' by Quevedo (1626). All these were quickly translated into English. In England the effect of the picaresque novel first appears in the 'Jack Wilton' of Nash. In France the type passed through the hands of Scarron and Le Sage, whose 'Diable Boiteau' and 'Gil Blas' were destined to eclipse the fame of the Spanish originals. From the examples of France this species broke out in England with the 'Moll Flanders' and 'Colonel Jack' of Defoe, the 'Joseph Andrews' of Fielding, the 'Roderick Random' and 'Peregrine Pickle' of Smollett. In the nineteenth century it finds its congeners in the 'Three Musketeers' of Dumas and in the works of several minor English novelists. 'Mr. Jingle does not essentially differ from this type'. =LE BOVIER DE FONTENELLE.= _See_ =Fontenelle=. =LE FREINE.= _See_ =Lai Le Freine=. =LEIBNITZ, VON, GOTTFRIED WILHELM=, _Baron._ _b._ 1646, _d._ 1716. =German philosopher and mathematician.= A COLLECTION OF PAPERS WHICH PASSED BETWEEN ... LEIBNITZ AND DR. CLARKE ... RELATING TO THE PRINCIPLES OF NATURAL PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION, 1717. A SYSTEM OF THEOLOGY (1686).... _Tr._ with an introduction and notes by C. W. Russell. 'We may trace the thoughts of Pope's "Essay on Man" back through Bolingbroke's prose to the philosophic writings of Leibnitz'. Hallam says, 'No one can read without perceiving that of all the early geologists Leibnitz came nearest to the theories which are most received in the English school of this day'. =LEOPARDI, GIACOMO.= _b._ 1798, _d._ 1837. =Italian poet and essayist.= ESSAYS AND DIALOGUES.... _Tr._ by C. Edwardes, 1882. POEMS. _Tr._ by Townsend, 1888. =LERMONTOV= (_or_ =LERMONTOFF=), =MIKHAIL YUREVITCH.= _b._ 1814, _d._ 1841. =Russian poet.=