The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America: Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210Oliver, Smith Hempstone
History
The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America: Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210
Oliver, Smith Hempstone
Locomotives -- History
The engine arrived at Philadelphia about the middle of August, and was
then transshipped by sloop to Bordentown, near Trenton, whence a few
miles of rail were soon to head northeastward toward South Amboy. The
mechanics who assembled the locomotive found it a mysterious and
completely unfamiliar device. After considerable experimentation the
task was successfully accomplished under the leadership of Isaac Dripps,
a local youth who later rose to a position of importance in the
Pennsylvania Railroad.
In its first test the locomotive was fired up to 30 pounds steam
pressure, and Dripps, with Stevens by his side, opened the throttle of
the first locomotive of what was to become part of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Co. The engine was disassembled for a few minor modifications
shortly after this trial, and a few weeks later, on November 12, the
official first trip was made.
The _John Bull_ as it appeared when first placed in service in 1831 was
described in detail by J. Elfreth Watkins in his “Camden and Amboy
Railroad,” published in 1891. He wrote:
The engine originally weighed about ten tons. The boiler was thirteen
feet long and three feet six inches in diameter. The cylinders were
nine inches by twenty inches. There were four driving wheels four feet
six inches in diameter, arranged with outside cranks for connecting
parallel rods, but owing to the sharp curves on the road these rods
were never used. The driving wheels were made with cast-iron hubs and
wooden (locust) spokes and felloes. The tires were of wrought iron,
three-quarters of an inch thick, the tread being five inches and the
depth of flange one and a-half inches. The gauge was originally five
feet from center to center of rails. The boiler was composed of
sixty-two flues seven feet six inches long, two inches in diameter;
the furnace was three feet seven inches long and three feet two inches
high, for burning wood. The steam ports were one and one-eighth inches
by six and a-half inches; the exhaust ports one and one-eighth by six
and a-half inches; grate surface, ten feet eight inches; fire-box
surface, thirty-six feet; flue surface, two hundred and thirteen feet;
weight, without fuel or water, twenty-two thousand four hundred and
twenty-five pounds.
After the valves were in gear and the engine in motion, two levers on
the engineman’s side moved back and forth continuously. When it was
necessary to put the locomotive on the turn-table, enginemen who were
skilled in the handling of the engines first put the valves out of
gear by turning the handle down, and then worked the levers by hand,
thus moving the valves to the proper position and stopping the engine
at the exact point desired.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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