The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America: Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210Oliver, Smith Hempstone
History
The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America: Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210
Oliver, Smith Hempstone
Locomotives -- History
Prior to its presentation to the National Museum, the _John Bull_ had
appeared at the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia in 1876, and at
the Exposition of Railway Appliances at Chicago in 1883. In early 1893,
the locomotive and tender were taken from Washington to New York City,
and on April 17 proceeded under steam, pulling two old cars of the
period of 1836 (figure 34), to the World’s Columbian Exposition at
Chicago. It arrived without mishap on April 22 after having covered 912
miles. The locomotive and tender were returned to the Museum in December
1893 after having made daily demonstration runs at the exposition. They
returned to Washington under steam via Pittsburgh, Altoona, Harrisburg,
and Baltimore. The next time the locomotive left the Museum’s confines
was for a brief sojourn at the Fair of the Iron Horse in 1927 (figure
35). More recently it appeared at the Chicago World’s Fair in 1933 and
the New York World’s Fair in 1939 and 1940.
In early 1940, a full sized operable replica of the _John Bull_
locomotive (figure 36) was made at the Altoona shops of the Pennsylvania
Railroad Co. The cylinder dimensions of 11 by 20 inches were apparently
known by the shops at that time, as the drawings made then for use in
building the replica show the bore and stroke to be 10⅞ by 20 inches.
Perhaps the bore of the original locomotive was also 10⅞ inches in 1831,
and was increased to 11 inches through many years of wear. However, the
figure of 9 inches for the bore, so often used in the past, is
definitely incorrect.
[Illustration: Figure 33.—As this early photo shows, the _John Bull_
toward the end of its active career had a cab and large smokestack,
and an 8-wheeled tender was used.]
[Illustration: Figure 34.—_John Bull_, with train of 1836-period
cars, en route to World’s Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893.]
[Illustration: Figure 35.—Original _John Bull_, with replica of
tender built in 1927, at the Fair of the Iron Horse, October 5,
1927.]
[Illustration: Figure 36.—Full sized operable replica of _John
Bull_, built in 1940 by Pennsylvania Railroad Co.]
[Illustration: Figure 37.—Model of _John Bull_ and tender, in
National Museum, showing appearance of original 1831 design. Note
side rod connecting the two axles.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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