The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America: Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210Oliver, Smith Hempstone
History
The First Quarter-Century of Steam Locomotives in North America: Remaining Relics and Operable Replicas with a Catalog of Locomotive Models in the U. S. National Museum. United States National Museum Bulletin 210
Oliver, Smith Hempstone
Locomotives -- History
So pleased was the Philadelphia and Reading with this locomotive that
the road decided to order more of the same general style. However, as
Eastwick and Harrison shortly became involved with plans to construct
locomotives in Russia, and contemplated closing their Philadelphia
works, most of these additional locomotives were made by other builders.
A dozen or so, somewhat similar to the _Gowan and Marx_, were built in
the machine shop of a Lowell, Mass., firm named “Proprietors of Locks
and Canals on Merrimack River.” Others were built by the New Castle
Manufacturing Co. at New Castle, Del.
At least two, however, the _Boston_ and the _J. E. Thayer_, were built
by Eastwick and Harrison, and placed in service on the Philadelphia and
Reading in September and October, respectively, of 1842.
What is thought to be one of these now famous locomotives has survived
(figure 56). It is the earliest extant 4-4-0, or American type. Known
today as the _Peoples’ Railway No. 3_, it was obtained at fourth or
fifth hand in about 1872 by the Peoples’ Railway, which was then
establishing a line from the York Street station at Pottsville to
Minersville, Pa., a distance of about 4½ miles. Seldom used by the
Peoples’ Railway after 1883, it was obtained by the Reading Co. in the
early 1920’s when that road took over some of the rolling stock of the
Peoples’ Railway. Since October 1933 it has been on loan to The Franklin
Institute in Philadelphia, where it is exhibited with the
Braithwaite-built _Rocket_ of 1838, also owned by the Reading Co.
The _No. 3_ has been the subject of much speculation and investigation
since it was obtained by the Reading. Its origin and the name of its
builder are not definitely known, nor is it absolutely certain for whom
it was constructed. Without question, however, it is of the period of
the early 1840’s, and is similar in appearance to the famous _Gowan and
Marx_, although of considerably longer wheelbase.
Paul T. Warner, for many years writer and historian for the Baldwin
Locomotive Works, conducted an intensive examination of the _No. 3_, and
in January 1934 prepared a thorough paper on his findings, based on a
careful comparison of the _No. 3_ with contemporary drawings of the
various other locomotives, and on a comparison of its dimensions with
those still known of the others.
He concluded that from the information at hand it was not possible to
state positively which, if any, of these locomotives it was, or even if
it had been built for the Philadelphia and Reading. Similar engines, he
pointed out, had also been built by Eastwick and Harrison for other
railroads in eastern Pennsylvania, among them the Beaver Meadow Rail
Road and Coal Co. and the Hazelton (sic) and Lehigh Rail Road. The _No.
3_ could easily have been built for one of these roads before falling
into the possession of the Peoples’ Railway, particularly since it is
known to have had a number of prior owners.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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