His teaching may be summed up in the following:-- TEN ARISTOTELIAN COMMANDMENTS Thou shalt devote thy utmost powers to some section of our common social welfare. Thou shalt hold this end above all lesser goods, such as pleasure, money, honour. Thou shalt hold the instruments essential to the service of this end second only to the end itself. Thou shalt ponder and revere the universal laws that bind ends and means together in the ordered universe. Thou shalt master and obey the specific laws that govern the relation of means to thy chosen end. Thou shalt use just so much of the materials and tools of life as the service of thy end requires. Thou shalt exclude from thy life all that exceeds or falls below this mean, reckless of pleasure lost. Thou shalt endure whatever hardship and privation the maintenance of this mean in the service of thy end requires, heedless of pain involved. Thou shalt remain steadfast in this service until habit shall have made it a second nature, and custom shall have transformed it into joy. Thou shalt find and hold a few like-minded friends, to share with thee this lifelong devotion to that common social welfare which is the task and goal of man. CHAPTER V THE CHRISTIAN SPIRIT OF LOVE I THE TEACHING OF LOVE Jesus taught His philosophy of life in three ways: the personal, by example; the artistic, by parable; and the scientific, by propositions. The first, though most vital and effective of all, is expensive and wasteful. For in life principles are so embedded in "muddy particulars," trivial and sordid details, that they are liable to get lost. The Master may be a long time with His disciples, and yet not really be known. Even the disciples themselves, after months of such teaching, like James and John may not know what manner of spirit they are of. Indeed it may become expedient for them that the Master go away, that His Spirit may be more clearly revealed. The artistic method, too, has drawbacks. For though it gives the principles a new artificial setting, with carefully selected details to catch the crowd, yet the crowd catch simply the story. Only the initiated are instructed; those who do not already know the principles learn nothing, but "seeing they do not see, and hearing they do not understand," as Jesus, past master of this art though He was, so often lamented.