Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 40113-h.htm or 40113-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/40113/40113-h/40113-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/40113/40113-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive. See http://archive.org/details/flagsofworldthei00hulmiala Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected; they are listed at the end of the text. To facilitate the use of the index, page numbers have been included enclosed by curly brackets (example: {5}). THE FLAGS OF THE WORLD: Their History, Blazonry, and Associations. From the Banner of the Crusader to the Burgee of the Yachtsman; Flags National, Colonial, Personal; the Ensigns of Mighty Empires; the Symbols of Lost Causes. by F. EDWARD HULME, F.L.S., F.S.A., Author of "Familiar Wild Flowers," "History, Principles and Practice of Heraldry," "Birth and Development of Ornament," &c., &c. London: Frederick Warne & Co., and New York [All rights reserved.] {iii} TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. The necessity of some special Sign to distinguish Individuals, Tribes, and Nations--the Standards of Antiquity--Egyptian, Assyrian, Persian, Greek, and Roman--the Vexillum--the Labarum of Constantine--Invocation of Religion--the Flags of the Enemy--Early Flags of Religious Character--Flags of Saints at Funeral Obsequies--Company and Guild Flags of the Mediæval Period--Political Colours--Various kinds of Flags--the Banner--Rolls of Arms--Roll of Karlaverok--The Flag called the Royal Standard is really the Royal Banner--Main-sail Banners--Trumpet Banners--Ladies embroidering Banners for the Cause--Knights' Banneret--Form of Investiture--the Standard--the Percy Badges and Motto--Arctic Sledge-flags--the Rank governing the size of the Standard--Standards at State Funerals--the Pennon--Knights' Pennonciers--the Pennoncelle--Mr. Rolt as Chief Mourner--Lord Mayor's Show--the Pennant--the Streamer--Tudor Badges--Livery Colours--the Guidon--Bunting--Flag Devising a Branch of Heraldry--Colours chiefly used in Flags--Flags bearing Inscriptions--Significance of the Red Flag--of the Yellow--of the White--of the Black--Dipping the Flag--the Sovereignty of the Sea--Right of Salute insisted on--Political changes rendering Flags obsolete 1 CHAPTER II.