Leeuwenhoek, 38 Legs, structure of, 30 Leptopsylla musculi, 89, 103 Linnæus, 4, 75 Listropsylla, 50 Macrochiroptera, 107 Malacopsylla, 80 M. androcli, 14 M. grossiventris, 14 Malpighi, 59 Malpighian tubes, 59 Manchuria, plague in, 95 Mandibles, 42, 48 Marmots, 95 Marsupials, 14 Maxillæ, 40, 48 Maxillary palpi, 40 Metamorphosis, 5 Microchiroptera, 107 Monkeys, 12 Monotremes, 15 Mouth-parts, 39 Mouth, 54 Muscles, 33 Mus, genus, 97 Myriapods, 1 Myrmecobius, 15 Needles for dissecting, 61 Nervous system, 44 Nycteribia, 26 Ogata, 87 Orthoptera, 34 Otospermophilus beecheyi, 98 Oudemans, his classification, 110 Ovaries, 51 Oviedo, 74, 76 Palæopsylla, 19 Pariodontis riggenbachi, 69 Penguins, 11 Performing fleas, 72 Petrels, 11 Pharynx, 54 Pharyngeal pump, 54 Phoridæ, 35 Pigeon-flea, 10 Plague, 84 Plague and fleas, 87 —— in Egypt, 86 —— of London, 85 —— medieval precautions, 21 —— transmission of, 44 Platypsyllus, 26 Polyctenes, 26 Protestant and Catholic, 9 Puffins, 11 Pulex irritans, 4, 19, 63, 75, 95 Pulicidæ, 17, 109 Pupa, 7 Pygidium, 46, 50 Rat-fleas, 104, 105 —— and man, 101 Rats and mice, fleas of, 97 Rectal glands, 57 Rectum, 57 Rectum, discharge of blood from, 44 Reptile, flea on a, 15 Rock-pipit, 11 Rodents, 13 Rostrum, 40 Rothschild, Mr Charles, 70, 101 Salivary glands, 58, 92 Samuel, Book of, 85 Sand-martin, 10, 11 San Francisco, plague in, 94 Sarcopsyllidæ, 17, 74, 109 Seals, 14 Segmented structure, 22 Sense organs, 49 Sexual differences, 23, 51 Sexual organs, 51 Simond, 87 Siphonaptera, description of Order, 108 Size of fleas, 22 Species, number of, 4 Spilopsyllus cuniculi, 77 Spines 23, 25 Stephanocircus, 27 Sternites, 32 Stigmata, 59 Stomach, 56 —— bacilli in, 93 St Paul’s Cathedral, 29 Sucking, method of, 43 Suctoria, 35 Swift, African, 11 Taste, sense of, 50 Tergites, 32 Testes, 51 Thaumopsylla breviceps, 106 Thorax, 29 Tiraboschi, Dr Carlo, 70 Tracheæ, 59 Trapping hosts of fleas, 113 Trichosurus, 15 Typhloceras poppei, 25 Ungulates, 13 Urinary tubules, 59 Variation, geographical, 16 Verjbitski, 88 Vermipsylla, on Ungulates, 13 Wings, relics of, 4, 31 Woodward, Dr, 15 Xenopsylla cheopis, 11, 89, 102, 104 Yersin, 84 Zoological Gardens, fleas in, 16, 66 CAMBRIDGE: PRINTED BY JOHN CLAY, M.A. AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS THE CAMBRIDGE MANUALS OF SCIENCE AND LITERATURE Published by the Cambridge University Press under the general editorship of P. Giles, Litt.D., Master of Emmanuel College, and A. C. Seward, F.R.S., Professor of Botany in the University of Cambridge.