Flemish Cap.--Profile W-2 crosses the Grand Banks, along its widest east-west axis, and also the semidetached bank called Flemish Cap. The shelf is much smoother than in profile W-1, except for a small deep of about 100 fathoms immediately east of Newfoundland. The shelf break at 150 fathoms is followed by a continental slope 150 to 500 fathoms deep which has a gradient of 1:20. The Flemish Cap is a difficult feature to classify. It is too large to be a seamount and too shallow to be a marginal plateau. We must treat it as a part of the continental shelf, semidetached from the rest by a 650-fathom-deep channel. The eastern flank of the Flemish Cap slopes off at gradients of 1:100 and 1:60 until at a depth of 650 fathoms the bottom drops precipitously to 1750 fathoms at a gradient of 1:10. Seaward of this point an 85-mile-wide continental rise has a gradient of 1:65 and 1:250 down to the Newfoundland Abyssal Plain which is at a depth of 2400 fathoms. Twenty miles east of the continental rise this profile crosses the Northwest Atlantic Mid-Ocean Canyon. On profile W-3 the shelf is quite smooth, and the shelf break is reached at 60 fathoms. The profile runs slightly oblique to the continental slope and reveals a series of submarine canyons. The base of the slope is at 1700 fathoms where the gradient drops to less than 1:200. [Illustration: FIGURE 11.--_Two east-west profiles of Southeast Newfoundland Ridge_ Positions of profiles are indexed on Plate 23. Both profiles plotted from nonprecision soundings (NMC).]