The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North AtlanticHeezen, Bruce C.
Science
The Floors of the Ocean: 1. The North Atlantic: Text to accompany the physiographic diagram of the North Atlantic
Heezen, Bruce C.
Ocean bottom
Puerto Rico Trench Sector.--With the disappearance of the Bahama Banks
at the eastern edge of Navidad Bank, the continental margin assumes
its third mode of expression: the marginal trench-outer ridge complex.
The outer ridge, which nearly disappeared in the southeastern Bahama
sector, again becomes a prominent feature. The last traces of the
marginal plateau merge with the continental slope of Hispaniola and
Puerto Rico. The Puerto Rico Trench develops rapidly east of Navidad
Bank; it lies between the outer ridge and the continental slope or
landward trench slope of the Greater Antilles. The relief of the outer
ridge is somewhat greater than that observed on the outer ridge farther
northwest near the Blake Plateau. The floor of the Puerto Rico Trench
is divided into two parts by a longitudinal ridge. The deepest parts
of both are floored by nearly level trench plains. The deeper one on
the outer or northern side maintains a nearly constant depth at 4358
fathoms (4585 fathoms corrected) for 150 miles (Ewing and Heezen,
1955). The southern or inner trench is more variable in depth, and the
trench plain lies intermittently along its length. Its depth ranges
from 3600 to 4300 fathoms (uncorrected). The walls of the Puerto Rico
Trench are formed by a series of extremely steep segments which show
a remarkable persistence along the trench. Profiles W-32 and W-33
illustrate the typical trench profile north of Puerto Rico. Breaks in
slope are observed at 700 fathoms and at 1500 fathoms; at 2000 fathoms
the gradient steepens to > 1:6. In this region all soundings are side
echoes. The outer or seaward wall of the trench is also characterized
by a succession of laterally persistent slope segments. A bench at 3800
fathoms at the top of a scarp which drops to the bottom of the trench
is characteristic of several profiles.
Anegada Passage.--The Virgin Islands Bank extends 30 miles east of
Puerto Rico along the south side of the Puerto Rico Trench. Between
the Virgin Islands Bank and St. Croix a deep passage cuts through from
the Atlantic to the Caribbean. This deep passage is 130 miles long and
runs along an e-ne-w-sw line. Its walls are extremely steep (9°-43°)
(Frassetto and Northrop, 1957). The structure of this feature has been
studied by Shurbet and Worzel (1957) and by J. Ewing et al. (1957).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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