206. Outer glumes unequal, the lower 3-nerved, the upper 5-nerved. Axis of the spikelet fragile. Fruit broadly grooved.--Species 1. Coast of East Africa. =Halopyrum= Stapf Outer glumes 1-nerved, rarely the upper one 3-nerved. Axis of the spikelet usually tough. Fruit usually ovate and not grooved.--Species 130. Some are used as fodder-or ornamental grasses, others as sand-binders or for plaiting-work. The tef (_E. abyssinica_ Link) is cultivated in Abyssinia as a cereal. =Eragrostis= Host 207. (192.) Axis of the spikelet bearing above the fertile flowers two or more empty glumes usually forming a club-shaped body. Flowering glumes keeled. Outer glumes 3-5-nerved. (See 152.) [Subtribe MELICINAE.] =Melica= L. Axis of the spikelet bearing above the fertile flowers a single empty glume or none, rarely several, but then flowering glumes rounded on the back. 208 208. Leaves broadly-lanceolate or ovate, with fine transverse veins between the nerves. [Subtribe CENTOTHECINAE.] 209 Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, without distinct transverse veins. [Subtribes FESTUCINAE and BRACHYPODINAE.] 210 209. Spikelets 2-flowered, in pairs on the spike-like branches of a panicle. Outer glumes 3, the uppermost sometimes bearing a barren spikelet in its axil. (See 125.) =Poecilostachys= Hack. Spikelets many-flowered. Outer glumes 2.--Species 4. Tropics. =Centotheca= Desv. 210. Spikelets in glomerules arranged in panicles. 211 Spikelets not in glomerules. 212 211. Panicles one-sided. Outer glumes unequal, 1-3-nerved. Flowering glumes larger, firmer, 5-nerved, mucronate or awned, ciliate on the keel.--Species 1. North and South Africa. Used as a fodder-and ornamental grass. “Cocksfoot.” =Dactylis= L. Panicles equal-sided. Outer glumes subequal, 5-7-nerved, usually hispid. Flowering glumes shorter, thinner, 7-9-nerved, unarmed.--Species 3. South Africa. =Lasiochloa= Kunth 212. Spikelets tightly imbricate in short spikes arranged in racemes or heads. Flowering glumes broad, 7-9-nerved, somewhat shorter than the palea, mucronate.--Species 4. North and East Africa. =Aeluropus= Trin. Spikelets tightly imbricate in solitary spikes or not imbricate. 213 213. Spikelets very tightly imbricate, arranged in a linear false spike. Flowering glumes sharply keeled from the base, 7-nerved, unarmed.--Species 7. North and South Africa and St. Helena. Used as ornamental plants. (_Brizopyrum_ Link). =Desmazeria= Dumort. Spikelets not very tightly imbricate; if rather tightly, then flowering glumes not keeled. 214 214. Styles inserted on the front of the ovary, conspicuously below the top. Flowering glumes usually awned. Fruit linear or oblong, adhering to the palea. (See 173.) =Bromus= L. Styles inserted on the top of the ovary or close to it. 215 215. Flowering glumes much shorter than the outer ones, 2-lobed or 2-cleft. Outer glumes with white, membranous margins.--Species 4. South and North Africa. =Schismus= Beauv.