196. Spikelets of two kinds, the fertile 2-3-flowered and surrounded by the sterile consisting of numerous two-ranked glumes, arranged in one-sided spike-like panicles. Flowering glumes awned or mucronate.--Species 8. North and South Africa. Some have edible seeds or are used as fodder or ornamental grasses. “Dogstail.” =Cynosurus= L. Spikelets all alike. 197 197. Spikelets in spike-like racemes, laterally flattened, falling as a whole, containing 3-4 fertile flowers and two empty glumes above them.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Harpachne= Hochst. Spikelets in panicles; empty glume above the fertile flowers 1 or none. 198 198. Main branches of the panicles two-ranked, usually branched at their base. 199 Main branches of the panicles not two-ranked. 203 199. Panicles spreading, with long, thin branches. Spikelets 2-4-flowered, with membranous, unarmed glumes. 200 Panicles contracted (more or less spike-like) or with very short, rather thick, but somewhat spreading branches. 201 200. Outer glumes slightly unequal. Perennial, creeping grasses, with flat leaves.--Species 1. North Africa. =Catabrosa= Beauv. Outer glumes very unequal the lower very small. Stalk of the spikelet somewhat thickened. Delicate, annual grasses with narrow leaves.--Species 2. North Africa. =Sphenopus= Trin. 201. Panicles with short, rather thick, more or less spreading branches. Glumes hard. Spikelets 3-13-flowered.--Species 5. North Africa. =Cutandia= Willk. Panicles strongly contracted, dense, more or less spike-like. Glumes membranous. Spikelets 2-5-flowered. 202 202. Upper outer glume much broader and somewhat longer than the flowering glumes. Lower outer glume very short, almost bristle-like. Flowering glumes awned below the tip.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). =Avellinia= Parl. Upper outer glume neither broader nor longer than the flowering glumes. Lower outer glume almost equalling the upper one. (See 151.) =Koeleria= Pers. 203. Branches of the panicle spike-like. Flowering glumes 1-3-nerved, usually toothed. 204 Branches of the panicle raceme-like. Flowering glumes 3-nerved, not distinctly toothed, unarmed or mucronate. 205 204. Panicles contracted, spike-like. Flowering glumes entire, acuminate. Lodicules membranous. Fruit terete.--Species 3. South Africa and southern East Africa. (_Triphlebia_ Stapf, under _Lasiochloa_ Kunth). =Stiburus= Stapf Panicles lax. Lodicules fleshy.--Species 9. Tropical and South Africa and Egypt. Some are used as fodder-grasses. =Diplachne= Beauv. 205. Flowering glumes rounded on the back. Spikelets conical, loosely 2-4-flowered; axis jointed, fragile. Fruit oblong, broadly grooved.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used in plaiting-work and as an ornamental grass. =Molinia= Schrank Flowering glumes keeled. Spikelets not conical, densely 5-many-flowered. 206