Male flowers 10 in each pit of the spadix. Stamens 6. Fruit with 3 stones. Seeds emarginate. Species 1 (_B. flabellifer_ L., Palmyra palm). Tropics. It yields timber, fibre (piassave), starch (sago), gum, vegetables, edible fruits, wine, vinegar, alcohol, sugar, and medicaments. =Borassus= L. 6. Stamens 15-30. Fruit with 3 stones, very rarely with 1-2. Medium-sized trees.--Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarene Islands. They furnish fibre for plaiting-work and are used as ornamental plants; one species has edible fruits. =Latania= Comm. Stamens 6. Fruit with a single stone. Tall trees. 7 7. Albumen ruminate. Fruit medium-sized (the size of a walnut). Stem simple.--Species 3. Upper Nile and Madagascar. They yield timber, fibre, edible pith, and alcohol. (Including _Bismarckia_ Hildebr. & Wendl.) =Medemia= G. de Wuert. & Braun Albumen homogeneous. Fruit large. Stem usually branched.--Species 13. Tropics to Natal and Egypt. They yield wood, fibre, edible fruits, and wine. “Dum palm.” =Hyphaene= Gaertn. 8. (3.) Ovary and fruit clothed with imbricate scales. Fruit one-seeded. Flowers with bracts and bracteoles. Leaf-segments reduplicate in bud. [Subfamily =LEPIDOCARYOIDEAE=, tribe METROXYLEAE.] 9 Ovary and fruit without scales. Flowers usually without bracts. [Subfamily =CEROXYLOIDEAE=.] 15 9. Ovary incompletely 3-celled. [Subtribe CALAMINAE.] 10 Ovary completely 3-celled. [Subtribe RAPHIINAE.] 11 10. Stem erect. Leaves without tendrils. Spadices terminal. Seed depressed-globose.--Species 1 (_M. Rumphii_ Mart.) Cultivated in Madagascar and the Mascarenes. It yields wood, fibre for plaiting and weaving, vegetables, and starch (sago). (_Sagus_ Blume). =Metroxylon= Rottb. Stem climbing. Leaves with tendrils. Spadices lateral.--Species 6. Tropics. The stems (cane) are used for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of walking-sticks and various utensils. “Rattan-palm.” =Calamus= L. 11. Stem erect. Flowers monoecious, the male and female on the same branches of the much-branched terminal spadices. Seed oblong or ovate.--Species 10. Tropics. The leaf-stalks (false bamboo) are used for building houses and making furniture, the fibres (piassave) for plaiting, weaving, and brush-making. The stems, leaf-buds, and fruits of some species yield starch, meal, vegetables, wine, and oil. (Plates 10 and 11.) =Raphia= Beauv. Stem climbing. Leaves with tendrils. 12 12. Flowers monoecious, in cymes on the primary branches of the lateral spadices; cymes consisting of one female and several male flowers.--Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. They furnish cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of various utensils. (Under _Calamus_ L.) =Oncocalamus= Mann & Wendl. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, in pairs on the branches of the spadices. 13 13. Spadices lateral. Spathes none.--Species 5. West Africa to the upper Nile. They furnish cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of various utensils. (Under _Calamus_ L.) =Eremospatha= Mann & Wendl.