Spadices terminal. Spathes tubular. 14 14. Seed flattened, with a thick raphe. Leaves with a short stalk and narrow segments.--Species 1. West Africa to the upper Nile. They furnish cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of various utensils. (Under _Calamus_ L.) =Ancistrophyllum= Mann & Wendl. Seed roundish, deeply grooved, kidney-shaped in transverse section. Leaves with a rather long stalk and rather broad segments.--Species 2. West Africa. They furnish cane for plaiting-work and for the manufacture of various utensils. (Under _Ancistrophyllum_ Mann & Wendl. or _Calamus_ L.) =Laccosperma= Mann & Wendl. 15. (8.) Fruit a drupe; endocarp very hard, with 3 pores. [Tribe COCOEAE.] 16 Fruit a berry; endocarp membranous, rarely woody. [Tribe ARECEAE.] 17 16. Flowers sunk singly in deep pits of the spadix-branches. Spadices unisexual, with 2 deciduous spathes. Stamens united high up. Fruit rather small; pericarp spongy outside; pores towards the top of the stone.--Species 1 (_E. guineensis_ L. oil-palm). Central Africa. The stem and the leaves furnish wood, fibre, vegetables, and wine; the fruits are edible and used for making oil. [Subtribe ELAEIDINAE.] =Elaeis= Jacq. Flowers inserted singly or in groups of three in shallow pits or notches of the spadix-branches. Spadices bisexual, with a woody, persistent spathe. Stamens free or united at the base. Fruit large; pericarp fibrous; pores towards the base of the stone.--Species 1 (_C. nucifera_ L., coco-nut-palm). Cultivated and sometimes naturalised on the shores of the tropics. The stem and the leaves furnish wood, fibre, tanning materials, vegetables, wine, and medicaments; the fruits are edible and yield oil, fodder, and a drink. [Subtribe ATTALEINAE.] =Cocos= L. 17. Leaves with long prickles. Spadices branched; spathes 2 or more, complete. Corolla of the female flowers imbricate in bud. Ovary 1-celled, with a laterally affixed ovule. Stigmas 3. 18 Leaves without prickles. 23 18. Leaves with a long sheath. Spadices below the leaves. Seed with homogeneous albumen. 19 Leaves with a rather short sheath. Spadices between the leaves. Seed with ruminate albumen. 20 19. Seed obtusely triquetrous. Stamens 9.--Species 1. Seychelles. =Deckenia= Wendl. Seed ellipsoid, slightly compressed laterally. Stamens usually 12.--Species 3. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Used in house-building and as ornamental plants. =Acanthophoenix= Wendl. 20. Leaves 2-cleft, with pinnately toothed margins. 21 Leaves irregularly pinnatisect. 22 21. Stamens 6. Seed and endocarp furrowed. Spadices with 3 spathes. Leaf-stalk prickly.--Species 1. Seychelles. Used as an ornamental plant. =Verschaffeltia= Wendl. Stamens 15-20. Seed and endocarp not furrowed. Spadices with 2 spathes. Leaf-stalk smooth.--Species 1. Seychelles. Used as an ornamental plant. (_Stevensonia_ Duncan). =Phoenicophorium= Wendl.