40. Perianth funnel-shaped, whitish, with oblong-ovate segments. Style short; stigma 3-lobed.--Species 1. North Africa (Cyrenaica). =Lloydia= Salisb. Perianth wheel-shaped, usually yellow and with lanceolate segments. (See 6.) =Gagea= Salisb. 41. (1.) Branches leaf-like, but often awl-shaped. Leaves scale-like. Flowers axillary, solitary or in pairs, more rarely in fascicles, umbels, or racemes. Fruit a berry. [Tribe ASPARAGEAE.] 42 Branches not leaf-like; stem usually simple. Leaves well developed. 44 42. Flowers inserted at the base of the usually linear leaf-like branches. Perianth-segments free or slightly united at the base. Stamens 6, with free filaments.--Species 80. Some of them are used as vegetables, medicinal-, ornamental-, or hedge-plants. (Including _Myrsiphyllum_ Willd.) =Asparagus= L. Flowers inserted on the surface or margin of the lanceolate or broader leaf-like branches. Stamens with united filaments. 43 43. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth-segments united high up. Anthers 6. Ovary 3-celled. Style distinctly developed; stigmas 3.--Species 1. Canary Islands, Madeira, and Azores. =Semele= Kunth Flowers dioecious. Perianth-segments free. Anthers 3. Ovary 1-celled. Style very short; stigma lobed.--Species 2. North Africa. Used as ornamental and medicinal plants. =Ruscus= L. 44. Flowers solitary, axillary. Anthers turned outwards. Fruit capsular. [Tribe UVULARIEAE.] 45 Flowers solitary but terminal or collected into various inflorescences. Anthers turned inwards. 47 45. Perianth-segments free, spreading or reflexed. Style bent downwards at the base.--Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Poisonous and used as medicinal and ornamental plants; some of them yield starch. =Gloriosa= L. Perianth-segments united below or connivent. Style not bent downwards. 46 46. Perianth-segments free or almost so, with a nectar-bearing cavity at their base.--Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. =Littonia= Hook. fil. Perianth-segments united almost to the top into a pitcher-shaped tube, with a short spur at the base.--Species 1. South-East Africa. Used as an ornamental plant. =Sandersonia= Hook. fil. 47. Flowers solitary, in 2-3-flowered heads, in axillary cymes, or in umbels, the latter sometimes arranged in racemes. 48 Flowers in spikes, racemes, or panicles, which are sometimes contracted into many-flowered heads or consist of fascicles or cymes. 52 48. Stem herbaceous. Leaves radical, linear, parallel-veined. Inflorescence terminal. Fruit a capsule. 49 Stem woody at least at the base, usually climbing. Leaves cauline, oblong or broader, net-veined. Inflorescence axillary. Fruit a berry. 51 49. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2-3, surrounded by an involucre of 5-7 bracts, sessile. Perianth-segments free. Ovary-cells with a single ovule.--Species 1. North Africa. [Tribe APHYLLANTHEAE.] =Aphyllanthes= L.