Glossocalyx longicuspis Benth. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Female flower. _C_ Female flower cut lengthwise. _D_ Carpel (the ovary cut lengthwise).] clusters, monoecious.--Species 1. Madagascar. (Under _Mollinedia_ Ruiz & Pav.) [Tribe MOLLINEDIEAE.] =Ephippiandra= Decne. Receptacle narrowly pitcher-shaped, subsequently increasing in size and enclosing the carpels. Perianth little developed. Stamens numerous. Anther-halves separate. [Tribe MONIMIEAE.] 5 5. Stamens with a gland on each side. Carpels few, not sunk in the receptacle. Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Flowers in cymes, dioecious.--Species 4. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. They yield timber and medicaments. =Monimia= Thouars Stamens without glands. Carpels numerous, sunk in the receptacle.--Species 20. Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. Some species yield timber, dyes, or medicaments. (_Ambora Juss._) =Tambourissa= Sonn. FAMILY 84. LAURACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves undivided, without stipules, sometimes scale-like. Flowers regular. Perianth of 4 or 6 segments. Fertile stamens 4-14, perigynous. Anthers opening by 2-4 valves. Ovary superior, very rarely (_Hypodaphnis_) inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style simple. Seed exalbuminous; embryo straight.--Genera 15, species 75. (Plate 51.) 1. Anthers 2-celled. [Subfamily =LAUROIDEAE=.] 2 Anthers 4-celled. [Subfamily =PERSEOIDEAE=.] 11 2. Anthers all turned inwards, 8-14, usually 12. Perianth 4-cleft. Flowers in umbels, dioecious or polygamous. Leafy shrubs or trees.--Species 2. North Africa. They yield timber, oil, perfumes, spices, and medicaments, and are also used as ornamental plants. “Laurel.” [Tribe LAUREAE.] =Laurus= L. Anthers partly (the outer) turned inwards, partly outwards, 4-12, usually 9. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, usually panicled. 3 3. Stem thread-shaped, twining, parasitic. Leaves reduced to minute scales. Perianth 6-cleft, the outer segments much smaller than the inner. Fertile stamens 9.--Species 4. Southern and tropical Africa. Some are used medicinally. [Tribe CASSYTHEAE.] =Cassytha= L. Stem shrub-or tree-like. Leaves perfectly developed. Perianth with 6, rarely 4, subequal segments. 4 4. Receptacle accrescent, cupuliform, enclosing the fruit. Perianth-segments 6. Fertile stamens 9, rarely 12. [Tribe CRYPTOCARYEAE.] 5 Receptacle scarcely or not accrescent, not enclosing the fruit. [Tribe APOLLONIADEAE.] 6 5. Fruit incompletely 6-celled. Pericarp adnate to the receptacle, but free from the seed. Cotyledons 6-lobed. Leaves penninerved.--Species 8. Madagascar. They yield timber, oil, condiments, and medicaments. (_Agathophyllum_ Juss.) =Ravensara= Sonn. Fruit completely 1-celled. Pericarp easily separable from the receptacle, but adnate to the seed.--Species 10. Madagascar, South and East Africa. =Cryptocarya= R. Br. 6. Perianth 4-parted. Fertile stamens 4. Shrubs. Leaves linear-lanceolate.--Species 2. Madagascar. =Potameia= Thouars