54. Perianth absent in the hermaphrodite and female flowers, but sometimes replaced by bracteoles. Ovary naked. 55 Perianth present in the hermaphrodite and female flowers. 69 55. Ovary completely 1-celled. 56 Ovary 2-4-celled, at least in its lower half. 65 56. Ovule solitary, rarely (_Balanophoraceae_) ovules 3. 57 Ovules numerous, rarely (_Casuarinaceae_) 2. 63 57. Ovule basal or attached by a basal funicle. 58 Ovule apical or adnate to the wall of the ovary. 62 58. Ovule straight. 59 Ovule incurved or inverted. 61 59. Flowers in fascicles, the male with a perianth. Stamens 1-5. Stigma 1. Fruit dry. Seed albuminous. =54. Urticaceae.= Flowers in spikes, the male without a perianth, but sometimes with 2-6 bracteoles. Stamens 2-12. Fruit succulent. 60 60. Flowers unisexual. Stigmas 2, thread-like. Fruit a drupe. Seed exalbuminous. Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs. Leaves without stipules. _Myrica_, =48. Myricaceae=. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous, more rarely unisexual, but then leaves stipulate. Fruit a berry. Seed with copious albumen. =46. Piperaceae.= 61. Ovule incurved. Stigmas 2-5. Seed with curved embryo. Flowers usually in glomerule-, or spike-like cymes. =67. Chenopodiaceae.= Ovule inverted. Stigmas 1-2. Seed with straight embryo. Flowers usually in heads. =226. Compositae.= 62. Leaves well-developed, stipulate. Green plants. Ovule solitary, free. =53. Moraceae.= Leaves scale-like. Coloured (not green) herbaceous plants. =62. Balanophoraceae.= 63. (56.) Ovules 2, ascending, straight. Male flowers with a 2-parted perianth. Stamen 1. Fruit a nut. Trees or shrubs. Leaves whorled, scale-like. Male flowers in spikes, female in heads. _Casuarina_, =45. Casuarinaceae=. Ovules numerous, inverted. Male flowers without a perianth, but sometimes with a disc. Fruit a capsule. Leaves well developed. Flowers in spikes or catkins. 64 64. Flowers with a disc sometimes replaced by scales. Stamens 2 or more. Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, entire toothed or lobed, stipulate. =47. Salicaceae.= Flowers without a disc. Stamen 1 (or stamens 2 with united filaments.) Aquatic herbs. _Hydrostachys_, =94. Hydrostachyaceae.= 65. (55.) Ovary 2-celled at the base, with 1 ovule in each incomplete cell. Styles 2. Stamens 4. Trees or shrubs. Flowers in spikes or catkins. =50. Betulaceae.= Ovary completely 2-4-celled. 66 66. Ovules solitary in each ovary-cell. 67 Ovules 2 or more in each ovary-cell. Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite. Male flowers without a perianth. 68 67. Ovary 2-3-celled. Ovules with a double coat. =122. Euphorbiaceae.= Ovary 4-celled. Ovules with a single coat. Styles 2. Stamen 1. Male flowers without a perianth. Fruit a drupe. Herbs. Leaves opposite. _Callitriche_, =123. Callitrichaceae=. 68. Ovary 2-celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style 1, with 2 stigmas. Stamens 2. Fruit a nut. Leaves pinnate, exstipulate. _Fraxinus_, =197. Oleaceae=.