14. Perianth yellow, with oblong segments, deciduous. Fruit large, greenish.--Species 1 (_P. gratissima_ Gaertn., avocado-pear). Cultivated in the tropics. It yields edible fruit, from which also a fat and a dye are prepared, and is used in medicine. =Persea= Gaertn. Perianth white, with ovate segments, persistent. Fruit small, blackish.--Species 1. Canary Islands and Azores. Yields timber. (Under _Persea_ Gaertn.) =Phoebe= Nees FAMILY 85. HERNANDIACEAE Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, palminerved, without stipules. Flowers in panicles, regular, hermaphrodite polygamous or monoecious. Perianth 4-10-parted. Fertile stamens 3-5, alternating with the inner perianth-segments. Anthers 2-celled, turned inwards, opening by valves. Ovary inferior, 1-celled. Ovule 1, pendulous, inverted. Style and stigma simple. Seed exalbuminous. Embryo with folded or coiled cotyledons.--Genera 3, species 7. Tropics. (Under _LAURACEAE_ or _COMBRETACEAE_.) 1. Flowers without bracteoles, polygamous. Perianth very small. Stigma capitate. Fruit with 2 terminal wings. Cotyledons spirally twisted. Trees. Leaves undivided or lobed.--Species 1. East Africa, Angola, Madagascar. Yields timber. [Subfamily =GYROCARPOIDEAE=.] =Gyrocarpus= Jaqu. Flowers with bracteoles, which sometimes form an involucre, hermaphrodite or monoecious. Perianth rather small. Stigma discoid and more or less lobed. Cotyledons more or less folded or crumpled. [Subfamily =HERNANDIOIDEAE=.] 2 2. Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth 10-parted. Fertile stamens 5, with 2 scales at the base. Fruit with 2-4 lateral wings. Climbing shrubs. Leaves digitate.--Species 1. Southern West Africa (Angola). =Illigera= Blume Flowers monoecious, the female surrounded by a cupular, truncate or lobed, ultimately inflated involucel. Perianth of the male flowers 6-8-parted, of the female 8-10-parted. Fertile stamens 3-4. Trees. Leaves undivided. Partial inflorescences surrounded by an involucre of several bracts, and consisting of a female flower and two or more male.--Species 5. Tropics. They yield timber and are used in medicine. =Hernandia= L. ORDER RHOEADALES SUBORDER RHOEADINEAE FAMILY 86. PAPAVERACEAE Herbs. Leaves more or less lobed or divided. Flowers hermaphrodite. Sepals 2, very rarely 3. Petals 4, very rarely 6, free, hypogynous. Anthers opening by slits. Ovary superior, 1-celled or incompletely 2-or more-celled. Ovules parietal, curved or inverted. Fruit a capsule or a nut. Seeds with a small embryo and a copious, oily albumen.--Genera 11, species 50. (Including _FUMARIACEAE_.) (Plate 52.) 1. Petals, at least one of them, prolonged into a spur. Stamens 2, tripartite (or 6 in two bundles); the middle segment of each stamen bearing a two-celled anther, the lateral ones a one-celled. Juice not milky. [Subfamily =FUMARIOIDEAE=.] 2 Petals not spurred. Stamens 4 or many, all with 2-celled anthers. 5