Fruit not transversely septate, but sometimes produced into a seedless beak. 59 47. Fruit with 2 transverse cells (joints). 48 Fruit with 3 or more transverse cells. 56 48. Upper joint of the fruit 3-4-seeded, flat. Seeds oblong. Petals yellow. Undershrubs.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Morocco). =Hemicrambe= Webb Upper joint of the fruit 1-seeded. 49 49. Fruit-valves flat, usually 1-nerved. 50 Fruit-valves convex. 51 50. Sepals connivent, the lateral saccate. Petals violet. Stigmatic lobes long, erect, connate.--Species 7. North Africa. =Moricandia= DC. Sepals spreading, not saccate. Stigmatic lobes short. Leaves pinnatipartite.--Species 10. North Africa, northern Central Africa, and Island of St. Thomas; one species also naturalized in South Africa. The seeds of some species are used as a condiment. =Diplotaxis= DC. 51. Beak of the fruit flat, sharp-edged. Valves usually 3-nerved. 52 Beak of the fruit cylindrical or conical, terete or but slightly flattened. 53 52. Petals red. Lateral sepals saccate. Seeds ovoid. Fruits erect. Leaves dissected.--Species 2. North Africa. (Under _Erucaria_ Gaertn.) =Reboudia= Coss. & Durieu Petals yellow or whitish with violet veins. Seeds globose. Leaves lyrate.--Species 5. North Africa, one species also cultivated in the Mascarene Islands. The white mustard (_S. alba_ L.) yields salad, oil, condiments, and medicaments. (Under _Brassica_ L.) =Sinapis= L. 53. Lower joint of the fruit indehiscent, narrower than the upper one, 3-4-seeded. Petals yellow. Lateral sepals saccate.--Species 1. North-west Africa. (Under _Rapistrum_ Desv.) =Cordylocarpus= Desf. Lower joint of the fruit dehiscing in two valves, as broad as the upper one, rarely narrower, but then petals violet. 54 54. Seeds globular, sometimes slightly flattened. Cotyledons 2-lobed. Petals yellow or white, sometimes with violet veins.--Species 25, five of them only cultivated or naturalized. Some species yield vegetables, salad, oil, condiments, or medicaments, especially _B. oleracea_ L., cabbage, _B. campestris_ L., rapeseed, _B. Napus_ L., turnip, and _B. nigra_ Koch, black mustard. (Including _Melanosinapis_ Schimp. & Spenn.) =Brassica= L. Seeds ovoid or oblong. Leaves pinnatipartite. 55 55. Fruit-valves net-veined with a strong midrib. Cotyledons truncate. Sepals spreading. Petals white or yellow.--Species 6. North and East Africa. (Including _Hirschfeldia_ Moench, under _Brassica_ L.) =Erucastrum= Presl Fruit-valves with several longitudinal nerves. Sepals connivent. Petals violet.--Species 4. North Africa. (Including _Hussonia_ Coss.) =Erucaria= Gaertn. 56. Seeds pendulous. 57 Seeds partly (the upper ones) erect. 58 57. Fruit flat or 4-angled. Stem very short. Leaves radical. Flowers solitary, axillary.--Species 3. North-west Africa. (_Raffenaldia_ Godr.) =Cossonia= Durieu