Flowers hermaphrodite, usually 4-merous. Sepals short. Ovary inferior or almost so. 2 2. Staminodes none. Anthers opening by longitudinal slits. Trees. Flowers in many-flowered heads, 4-merous.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Franchetia= Baill. Staminodes as many as and alternate with the stamens. Anthers oblong. Shrubs. Stipules long and broad. Flowers in 3-8-flowered head-like spikes.--Species 15. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. Some species yield timber and medicaments. =Dicoryphe= Thouars SUBORDER ROSINEAE FAMILY 102. PLATANACEAE Trees. Leaves alternate, palmately lobed; stipules connate. Flowers on a thickened receptacle in spicately arranged globose heads, monoecious. Sepals 3-8, free, hairy. Petals the same number, nearly hypogynous. Stamens as many as and alternating with the petals; connective peltate; anthers opening inwards or laterally by longitudinal slits. Carpels the same number, free. Ovules solitary, pendulous, straight. Fruit consisting of achenes densely crowded in a head. Seed with scanty albumen; cotyledons linear. Genus 1, species 2. Cultivated in North Africa as avenue-trees. They also yield timber. “Plane.” =Platanus= L. FAMILY 103. ROSACEAE Leaves alternate, stipulate. Receptacle (floral axis) more or less concave, saucer-, cup-, urn-, or tube-shaped, in the male flowers sometimes very small. Stamens curved inwards in the bud, usually numerous. Anthers opening inwards by longitudinal slits. Carpels superior, solitary or free, or inferior and then more or less united. Ovules inverted.--Genera 32, species 230. (Including _AMYGDALACEAE_ and _POMACEAE_.) (Plate 65.) 1. Ovaries 1-10, inferior (adnate to the concave receptacle) and usually connate. Petals 5. Flowers hermaphrodite or polygamous. 2 Ovaries (or ovary) superior, free from the receptacle, but sometimes tightly enclosed by it. 10 2. Stem herbaceous. Leaves lobed or dissected. Petals yellow. Stamens 10. Carpels 1-10, one-ovuled. Fruiting receptacle dry. [Subfamily =NEURADOIDEAE=.] 3 Stem woody. Petals white or red. Carpels 1-5. Fruiting receptacle succulent. [Subfamily =POMOIDEAE=.] 4 3. Flowers small, with a persisting epicalyx. Carpels 10. Leaves lobed.--Species 2. North Africa to Nubia, German South West Africa. =Neurada= L. Flowers large. Epicalyx none.--Species 6. South Africa. =Grielum= L. 4. Carpels 2-5, distinct from each other on their inside, 2-ovuled. Fruit small. Endocarp bony. Leaves undivided.--Species 3. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used medicinally. =Cotoneaster= Medik. Carpels 2-5, united as to the ovaries, or carpel 1. 5 5. Carpels 3-5, incompletely divided in two cells each; hence cells twice as many as the style-branches and containing a single ovule each. Fruit small. Endocarp membranous. Petals narrow. Leaves undivided. Flowers in racemes.--Species 1. North-west Africa (Algeria). Used as an ornamental plant. =Amelanchier= Medik. Carpels not divided, containing 2 or more ovules each. 6