2. Ripe carpel indehiscent, nearly always 2-seeded. Seeds with a large, adnate aril. Calyx hardened in fruit. Petals greatly exceeding the sepals. Stamens 10, very unequal, surrounded by a disc. Carpel 1. Flowers in clusters, springing from the old wood.--Species 3. Equatorial West Africa (Gaboon). (_Anthagathis_ Harms). =Jollydora= Pierre Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise, usually 1-seeded. 3 3. Fruit-carpels narrowed at the base into a distinct stalk. Seeds attached to the ventral suture, with a free aril. Calyx not enlarged in fruit.--Species 18. Central Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 66.) =Connarus= L. Fruit-carpels not stalked. Seeds attached at their base. Carpels (at the time of flowering) 3-5. 4 4. Calyx scarcely or not enlarged in fruit, small, usually flaccid. 5 Calyx conspicuously enlarged and hardened in fruit, leathery to woody. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. 6 5. Leaves trifoliolate.--Species 25. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. =Agelaea= Sol. Leaves pinnate, with several pairs of leaflets. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. Styles 2-cleft at the apex. Calyx persistent.--Species 7. Tropics. Some are poisonous. (Under _Rourea_ Aubl.) =Byrsocarpus= Schum. & Thonn. 6. Calyx tightly clasping the fruit, herbaceous at the time of flowering. Styles short; stigmas capitate. Seeds with very convex cotyledons.--Species 40. Tropics. Some are poisonous or used in medicine. =Rourea= Aubl. Calyx not clasping the fruit. Stamens very unequal. Styles long. 7 7. Stem twining. Inflorescence paniculate. Calyx leathery at the time of flowering. Seeds with flat cotyledons.--Species 2. Equatorial West Africa. =Paxia= Gilg Stem erect. Inflorescence racemose-fasciculate. Anther-halves distant from one another, the pollen-sacs placed crosswise.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa. (_Jaundea_ Gilg). =Yaundea= Gilg 8. (1.) Ripe carpel indehiscent, not stalked, with a crusty pericarp. Seeds enveloped by a thin aril. Carpel 1. Stamens 5-7, alternating with as many glands. Calyx deeply divided, persistent, but not enlarged in fruit. Low trees. Leaves unifoliolate. Flowers in clusters.--Species 2. West Africa. =Hemandradenia= Stapf Ripe carpel (or carpels) dehiscing lengthwise. 9 9. Receptacle prolonged into a stalk-like androphore. Sepals red, free. Petals yellow, clawed, with 2 glands above the claw. Styles long. Erect shrubs.--Species 1. Northern West Africa (Liberia). =Dinklagea= Gilg Receptacle not prolonged. Petals without glands. Mostly climbing shrubs. 10 10. Sepals united to the middle, ovate-triangular. Petals linear, four times as long as the calyx, rolled inwards at the tip. Stamens very unequal. Styles long; stigmas lobed.--Species 6. West Africa. =Spiropetalum= Gilg Sepals free or nearly so. Petals not more than twice as long as the calyx. Styles short; stigmas capitate. 11