Flowers distinctly irregular. Fertile stamens 3-20, all on one side of the flower. Carpel inserted at or near the upper margin of the more or less tubular receptacle. [Subtribe HIRTELLINAE.] 29 28. Receptacle swelling on one side; carpel slightly excentrical. Stamens 10-15. Fruit with a 3-angled stone. Flowers in racemes.--Species 2. Madagascar and Mascarenes. Used medicinally. =Grangeria= Comm. [Illustration: ROSACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 65._ J. Fleischmann del. Parinarium congoënse Engl. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Flower from above. _D_ Unripe fruit.] [Illustration: CONNARACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 66._ J. Fleischmann del. Connarus Smeathmannii DC. _A_ End of branch with young fruits. _B_ Flower. _C_ Flower cut lengthwise. _D_ Fruit. _E_ Seed with aril.] Receptacle not swelling on one side; carpel central. Stamens numerous. Fruit with an irregularly 5-angled stone. Flowers in panicles.--Species 3. Central Africa. They yield tanning and dyeing materials, oil, medicaments, and edible fruits (cocoa-plums). =Chrysobalanus= L. 29. Filaments united in a long strap. Anthers 10-20. Ovary completely 1-celled.--Species 17. Central Africa. Some species yield timber (_Griffonia_ Hook. fil.) =Acioa= Aubl. Filaments free or united at the base only. 30 30. Receptacle prolonged above into a scale-like appendage. Stamens 6-7. Ovary completely 1-celled. Stipules large.--Species 3. West Africa. =Magnistipula= Engl. Receptacle without a scale-like appendage. Stipules small. 31 31. Ovary completely 1-celled. Fertile stamens 3-10. Fruit 1-seeded.--Species 3. East Africa and Madagascar. =Hirtella= L. Ovary completely or incompletely 2-celled. Fertile stamens 10-20. Fruit usually 2-seeded.--Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. Some of them yield timber, tanners’ bark, medicaments, and edible fruits, from which also oil, glue, and an inebriating drink are prepared. (_Parinari_ Aubl.) (Plate 65). =Parinarium= Juss. FAMILY 104. CONNARACEAE. Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, pinnate, but sometimes with 3 leaflets only, exstipulate. Flowers in fascicles, racemes or panicles, regular, hermaphrodite or polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, free, rarely slightly united, imbricate in the bud. Stamens 5-10, free or united at the base. Carpels 1-5, free, superior. Ovules 2 to each carpel, erect or ascending, straight. Ripe carpels dry, dehiscing by a longitudinal slit, rarely indehiscent, usually solitary. Seeds with an aril often adnate to the testa.--Genera 12, species 140. Tropical and South Africa. (Plate 66.) 1. Sepals imbricate in the bud. Seeds exalbuminous. [Tribe CONNAREAE.]. 2 Sepals valvate in the bud. Seeds albuminous. Stamens 10. Carpels 5. [Tribe CNESTIDEAE.] 8