2. Flowers irregular, with a spur-like appendage along the pedicel and without glands at the base of the stamens. Fertile stamens 5-7, rarely 2-4.--Species 250. Southern and tropical Africa; two species also naturalized in North Africa. Many of them are used as ornamental plants, some have edible roots or yield perfumes or medicaments. =Pelargonium= L’Hér. Flowers regular or almost so, without a spur-like appendage, with glands at the base of the stamens. Fertile stamens 5, 10, or 15. 3 3. Stamens 10, all or 5 of them fertile. 4 Stamens 15, all fertile. 5 4. Tails of the carpels spirally twisted, hairy. Fertile stamens 5. Petals entire. Flowers usually in umbels.--Species 40. North Africa to Abyssinia and South Africa. Some are used medicinally; hygrometres are made from the carpel-tails. “Storks-bill.” =Erodium= L’Hér. Tails of the carpels arched, generally glabrous. Fertile stamens usually 10. Petals mostly notched. Flowers usually solitary or in pairs.--Species 30. North and South Africa and mountains of the tropics. Some species are used as ornamental plants or yield tanning and dyeing materials or medicaments. “Cranes-bill.” =Geranium= L. 5. Filaments united in 5 bundles. Stem herbaceous.--Species 25. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 68.) =Monsonia= L. Filaments free almost to the base. Stem fleshy, armed with spines formed from the persistent leafstalks.--Species 7. South Africa, southern Central Africa, and Madagascar. Some species yield an aromatic resin. (Under _Monsonia_ L.) =Sarcocaulon= DC. FAMILY 108. OXALIDACEAE Leaves alternate. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5. Petals 5, free or united at the base, with contorted aestivation. Stamens 10, rarely 5 of them sterile. Filaments united at the base. Anthers opening inwards. Glands at the base of the stamens present. Ovary superior, 5-celled. Ovules axile. Styles 5, free. Fruit a capsule or a berry. Seeds with a fleshy albumen and a straight embryo.--Genera 3, species 160. (Under _GERANIACEAE_.) (Plate 69.) 1. Fruit a berry. Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate, sensitive. Flowers in cymes.--Species 2. Cultivated in the Mascarene Islands. They yield timber, medicaments, and edible fruits, which are also used for preparing a scouring water. =Averrhoa= L. Fruit a capsule. All stamens fertile. Herbs or undershrubs, rarely shrubs. 2 [Illustration: OXALIDACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 69._ J. Fleischmann del. Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC. _A_ Plant in flower. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Fruit. _D_ Fruit-valve. _E_ Seed. _F_ Seed cut lengthwise.] [Illustration: LINACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 70._ J. Fleischmann del. Hugonia acuminata Engl. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower cut lengthwise. _C_ Cross-section of ovary. _D_ Tendrils.] 2. Valves of the fruit finally spreading. Leaves pinnate, sensitive.--Species 15. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Under Oxalis L.) (Plate 69.) =Biophytum= DC.