Valves of the fruit persisting around the central column. Leaves usually digitate.--Species 140. Some are used as salad or fodder or for preparing chemical drugs and medicaments. (Including _Bolboxalis_ Small). =Oxalis= L. FAMILY 109. TROPAEOLACEAE Twining, succulent herbs. Leaves alternate, undivided, peltate. Flowers solitary, axillary, irregular, hermaphrodite. Sepals 5, the hindmost spurred. Petals 5, yellow or red, imbricate in bud. Stamens 8, free; anthers opening inwards or laterally. Ovary superior, 3-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style 1, with 3 stigmas. Fruit separating in 2-3 nutlets. Seeds without albumen. (Under _GERANIACEAE_.) Genus 1, species 1 (_T. majus_ L., Indian cress). Naturalized in the Island of St. Helena. Ornamental plant, also yielding salad, condiments, and medicaments. =Tropaeolum= L. FAMILY 110. LINACEAE Leaves undivided. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite. Calyx imbricate in bud. Petals free, with imbricate or contorted aestivation. Stamens as many or twice as many as the petals. Filaments united at the base. Ovary 2-10-celled. Ovules 1-2 in the inner angle of each cell, pendulous, inverted. Fruit a capsule or a drupe. Seeds with fleshy albumen.--Genera 7, species 60. (Plate 70.) 1. Fertile stamens as many as the petals, 4-5, furnished with glands at their base. Styles or style-branches 2-5. Petals deciduous. Fruit capsular. Herbs or undershrubs, very rarely shrubs. [Tribe LINEAE.] 2 Fertile stamens twice as many as the petals, 10, rarely the same number, 5, but then without glands at their base and style simple. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe HUGONIEAE.] 4 2. Sepals 3-toothed at the tip. Petals very small, white. Flowers 4-merous. Stem repeatedly forked. Leaves opposite.--Species 1. North Africa and high mountains of Central Africa. “Alseed.” =Radiola= Gmel. Sepals entire. Flowers nearly always 5-merous. 3 3. Stipules bristle-like. Corolla yellow. Stamens partly (2-4 of them) with, partly without glands. Styles 3. Stigmas kidney-shaped. Shrubs or undershrubs.--Species 1. Naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plant. (Under _Linum_ L.) =Reinwardtia= Dumort. Stipules gland-like or wanting. Stamens all furnished with glands.--Species 25. North, East, and South Africa and Madagascar. _L. usitatissimum_ L. is cultivated for fibre and oil and yields also fodder and medicaments; other species are used as ornamental plants. “Flax.” =Linum= L. 4. Styles 5, free or united at the base. Stamens 10. Petals deciduous. Fruit a drupe.--Species 25. Tropics. Some are used medicinally. (Plate 70.) =Hugonia= L. Style 1, undivided or 2-3-cleft at the top. 5 5. Style shortly 2-cleft. Ovary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Stamens 10. Anthers linear or oblong. Petals elongated, with a glandular pit at the claw.--Species 2. East Africa. =Nectaropetalum= Engl. Style 3-cleft or undivided. Ovary 3-5-celled. 6