14. Stigma at the inside of the thickened style-apex. Styles 3, all perfectly developed. Calyx without glands. Petals more or less toothed or fringed. Mericarps with a shield-shaped, usually notched side-wing.--Species 25. Tropical and South Africa. =Triaspis= Burch. Stigma small, at the slightly or not thickened style-apex. Usually a single style perfectly developed. 15 15. Flowers distinctly irregular. Calyx with a large gland. Petals fringed. Mericarps with a 3-parted side-wing.--Species 2, one a native of West Africa, the other one naturalized in the Mascarene Islands. Ornamental plants. (_Gaertnera_ Roxb.) =Hiptage= Gaertn. Flowers more or less regular. Calyx with several small glands or without glands. Petals entire. Mericarp with a stellate, many-parted side-wing.--Species 17. Madagascar, East and South-east Africa. =Tristellateia= Thouars SUBORDER POLYGALINEAE FAMILY 120. POLYGALACEAE Leaves simple, entire. Inflorescence racemose, bracteolate. Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, the two inner usually petal-like. Petals 3-5, more or less adnate to the staminal tube, the lowest more or less concave and boat-shaped. Stamens 5-8. Filaments more or less united. Anthers attached by the base, at length one-celled, opening towards the apex. Ovary superior, 1-3-celled. Ovule 1 in each cell, pendulous, inverted. Style simple or 2-cleft, usually curved and flattened.--Genera 6, species 240. (Plate 78.) 1. Petals 5, all well-developed, unappendaged. Stamens 5. Ovary 2-3-celled. 2 Petals 3, 4, or 5, two of which are rudimentary. Stamens 6-8. Ovary 1-2-celled. 3 2. Petals unequal, clawed, the lowest boat-shaped. Stigma capitate. Fruit a drupe. Seeds ellipsoid.--Species 3. West Africa. They yield timber, edible fruits, and medicaments. =Carpolobia= Don Petals subequal, sessile, the lowest not boat-shaped. Stigma punctiform. Fruit a nut. Seeds globose.--Species 4. West Africa. (Under _Carpolobia_ Don) =Atroxima= Stapf 3. Ovary 1-celled; a second rudimentary cell sometimes present. Stigma entire or lobed. Sepals unequal. Concave petal with an appendage. Stamens 8. Fruit a winged nut. Seeds without an aril, exalbuminous. Shrubs or trees.--Species 3. Central and South Africa. They yield bast-fibres, soap-bark, oily seeds, and medicinal drugs; the roots are said to be poisonous. (_Lophostylis_ Hochst.) (Plate 78.) =Securidaca= L. Ovary 2-celled. Fruit a capsule or a drupe. 4 4. Sepals subequal. Concave petal with an appendage. Stamens 7, rarely 8. Style almost straight. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with an aril, albuminous.--Species 60. South Africa to Nyasaland. =Muraltia= Neck. Sepals unequal, the two inner usually wing-like. 5 5. Fruit a drupe. Seeds albuminous. Style almost straight. Stamens 7, rarely 8. Filaments united quite or nearly to the top. Concave [Illustration: DICHAPETALACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 79._ J. Fleischmann del. Dichapetalum leucosepalum Ruhl.