_A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Flower. _C_ Flower cut lengthwise. _D_ Cross-section of ovary.] [Illustration: EUPHORBIACEAE. _FLOW. PL. AFR._ _Pl. 80._ J. Fleischmann del. Phyllanthus floribundus Müll. Arg. _A_ Flowering branch. _B_ Male flower. _C_ Stamens and disc. _D_ Fruit. _E_ Female flower cut lengthwise. _F_ Cross section of ovary.] petal with an appendage. Shrubs.--Species 1. South Africa (Cape Colony). The fruits are edible. (_Mundtia_ Kunth). =Mundia= Kunth Fruit a capsule. Stamens 8, rarely 6 or 7.--Species 170. Some of them yield fibres or fat from the seeds, others serve as ornamental or medicinal plants. “Milkwort.” =Polygala= L. SUBORDER DICHAPETALINEAE FAMILY 121. DICHAPETALACEAE Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate, undivided, stipulate. Inflorescence cymose. Sepals 4-5, imbricate in bud. Petals 4-5, usually 2-cleft. Disc present, but sometimes reduced to separate glands. Stamens 5, sometimes only 2-3 fertile. Anthers opening inwards. Ovary 2-3-celled, usually superior. Ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, inverted; raphe ventral. Style 2-3-cleft or undivided with 2-3 stigmas. Fruit a nut or drupe. Seeds 1-2, exalbuminous.--Genera 2, species 75. Tropical and South Africa. (_CHAILLETIACEAE_.) (Plate 79.) Petals unequal, united below into a long tube, 2-cleft, imbricate in bud. Sepals united below, unequal. Fertile stamens 2-3. Disc semi-annular.--Species 2. Central Africa. =Tapura= Aubl. Petals equal, free or united at the base, rarely higher. Fertile stamens 5.--Species 75. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous. (_Chailletia_ DC.) (Plate 79.). =Dichapetalum= Thouars SUBORDER TRICOCCAE FAMILY 122. EUPHORBIACEAE Flowers unisexual. Stamens hypogynous, rarely (_Bridelia_) perigynous. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary superior or naked, usually 3-celled. Ovules solitary in each cell, or 2 side by side, pendulous, inverted; raphe ventral; micropyle usually covered by an outgrowth of the placenta. Fruit generally separating into 3 dehiscing mericarps. Seeds usually albuminous; embryo axile, radicle superior.--Genera 122, species 1200. (Including _DAPHNIPHYLLACEAE_.) (Plate 80.) 1. Ovule 1 in each ovary-cell. [Subfamily =CROTONOIDEAE=.]. 2 Ovules 2 in each ovary-cell. Juice not milky. [Subfamily =PHYLLANTHOIDEAE=.]. 76 2. Inflorescence consisting of partial inflorescences having the appearance of a single flower and containing one female flower and several or many male ones surrounded by a lobed involucre with glandular appendages. Petals none. Stamen 1. Ovary 3-4-celled. Juice milky. [Tribe EUPHORBIEAE.]. 3 Inflorescence not consisting of partial inflorescences looking like a single flower. 11 3. Male flowers with a cupular, entire or 3-6-lobed perianth. Female flowers with a 3-4-toothed or-cleft perianth. Trees or shrubs. 4 Male flowers without a perianth. 5