15. Petals united high up. Calyx bursting irregularly. Disc of 5 glands alternating with the petals. Stamens 12-20. Rudimentary pistil absent. Climbing shrubs with reddish-brown hairs. Leaves 3-7-nerved. Flowers in panicles.--Species 5. West Africa. Fibre-yielding plants. =Manniophyton= Muell. Arg. Petals united at the base only. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 4-5. Undershrubs or trees. 16 16. Flowers 4-merous. Anthers turned inwards. Disc within the stamens. Trees. Leaves 3-nerved. Young shoots with rusty-brown hairs. Flowers in panicles.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Schubea= Pax Flowers 5-merous. Anthers turned outwards. Glands alternating with the stamens; a cupular disc also present within them. Undershrubs. Young shoots with white hairs. Flowers in axillary clusters.--Species 1. East Africa (Somaliland). =Gilgia= Pax 17. Style many-cleft. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers club-shaped. Stamens 5-10, united below. Petals adnate to the staminal tube. Disc indistinct. Flowers in racemes. Herbs or undershrubs, usually hispid.--Species 9. Tropics. Several species yield fibre. =Caperonia= St. Hil. Style 2-4-cleft. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers 2-3-cleft or wanting. 18 18. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, hairy or cottony. Flowers in racemes, monoecious. Male flowers without a disc.--Species 7. Northern and tropical Africa. Some are poisonous or yield dyes and medicaments. “Turnsole.” (_Tournesolia_ Scop.) =Chrozophora= Neck. Stem woody. Male flowers usually with a disc reduced to separate glands. 19 19. Young branches and leaves clothed with scales. Inflorescence spicate or racemose. Flowers dioecious. Stamens 15-20.--Species 12. West Africa. =Crotonogyne= Muell. Arg. Young branches and leaves glabrous, downy, or clothed with star-like hairs. Inflorescence spicate, racemose, or paniculate; in the two former cases stamens 6-14. 20 20. Young branches and leaves clothed with 2-cleft or star-like hairs. Trees. Leaves palmately nerved. Flowers in panicles, monoecious. Stamens 8-20. Fruit a drupe.--Species 2. Cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. They yield timber, gum-lac, tanning bark, dye-stuffs, and edible oily seeds (“candle-nuts”). =Aleurites= Forst. Young branches and leaves clothed with simple hairs, or glabrous. Shrubs. Inflorescence spicate or racemose, more rarely paniculate, but then leaves pinnately nerved. Fruit a capsule. 21 21. Flowers in panicles, dioecious. Calyx 2-3-partite in the male flowers, 4-partite in the female. Corolla in the female flowers falling off very early, or wanting. Stamens numerous, free. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Branches downy, at least when young.--Species 2. West Africa (Cameroons). =Grossera= Pax Flowers in spicate or racemose inflorescences. Stamens 6-13. 22