22. Flowers monoecious. Calyx 5-partite. Stamens 10, united at the base. Anthers attached by the back. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Branches glabrous.--Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. =Tannodia= Baill. Flowers dioecious. 23 23. Branches glabrous. Anther-halves suspended from the connective.--Species 2. West Africa and Comoro Islands. =Agrostistachys= Dalz. Branches hairy. Styles 2-cleft. Leaves stalked.--Species 2. East Africa. =Holstia= Pax 24. (13.) Styles united to about the middle or beyond. 25 Styles free or united at the base only. 32 25. Styles united nearly to the top into a usually hollow column. 26 Styles united about to the middle, undivided. Ovary 3-celled. 31 26. Calyx of the female flowers entire or shortly toothed. Anthers 3-4-celled. Ovary 1-2-, rarely 3-celled. Trees or shrubs.--Species 50. Tropical and South Africa. (Including _Mappa_ Juss.) =Macaranga= Thouars Calyx of the female flowers 4-12-partite. Anthers 2-celled. Ovary 3-4-, rarely 5-celled. 27 27. Flowers dioecious. Calyx of the female flowers 4-partite. Ovary 4-celled, winged. Style rather long, columnar, with a 4-lobed stigma. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Trees.--Species 1. West Africa (Cameroons). =Tetracarpidium= Pax Flowers monoecious. Calyx of the female flowers 5-12-, rarely 4-partite. Seeds usually without an outgrowth. 28 28. Calyx of the male flowers 3-partite, of the female 5-6-partite. Stamens 3, with united filaments. Ovary 3-celled. Style united into a globose body. Climbing shrubs. Flowers in spikes.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Sphaerostylis= Baill. Calyx of the male flowers 4-6-partite. Stamens 4-30. 29 29. Stamens 4-6. Rudimentary pistil of the male flowers columnar. Ovary 3-celled. Trees or shrubs, with stellate hairs. Leaves undivided, palmately nerved. Flowers in spikes.--Species 1. Madagascar and Comoro Islands. (Including _Niedenzua_ Pax). =Adenochlaena= Baill. Stamens 8-30, inserted upon an elevated receptacle. Rudimentary pistil none. Shrubs or undershrubs, usually climbing. 30 30. Flowers in cymes surrounded by two large, brightly coloured bracts. Anther-halves parallel. Style columnar.--Species 15. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used for dyeing, in medicine, or as ornamental plants. =Dalechampia= L. Flowers in racemes, without conspicuous bracts. Anther-halves spreading. Climbing plants. Leaves undivided.--Species 5. Central and South Africa. =Plukenetia= L. 31. Stem herbaceous or woody at the base only, usually climbing, often with stinging hairs. Stamens 3, rarely more.--Species 45. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used medicinally. (Including _Ctenomeria_ Harv.) =Tragia= L. Stem woody throughout. Stamens numerous, free.--Species 20. Tropics. The fruits of some species are used for tanning. =Pycnocoma= Benth.