Flowers solitary or in clusters or panicles, dioecious. Stamens free, but often inserted on a stalk-like process of the receptacle. Shrubs or trees. [Tribe CLUYTIEAE.] 62 61. Flowers dioecious. Petals free. Stamens 16-17, the five outer nearly free, the inner irregularly united. Seeds without an outgrowth. Leaves undivided.--Species 2. East Africa. =Neojatropha= Pax Flowers monoecious. Stamens in 2-6 whorls, usually 8-10. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum.--Species 50. Central and South Africa; two species cultivated and naturalized in the tropics. Several species yield gum, oil, and medicaments; some are poisonous or used as garden-or hedge-plants. =Jatropha= L. 62. Stamens 5. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Petals free. Flowers solitary or in clusters in the axils of the leaves. Leaves undivided. 63 Stamens 12 or more. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Flowers in panicles. 64 63. Stamens opposite the sepals, inserted upon a flat receptacle, free. Fruit a drupe.--Species 1. West Africa. =Microdesmis= Planch. Stamens opposite the petals, inserted upon a stalk-like receptacle. Fruit a capsule.--Species 40. South and Central Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. =Cluytia= L. 64. Petals free. Stamens free. Fruit a capsule. Leaves undivided, pinnately nerved. Shrubs.--Species 1. Equatorial West Africa (Congo). =Mildbraedia= Pax Petals united below. Fruit a drupe. Leaves lobed or dissected, palmately nerved at the base. Trees. 65 65. Leaves lobed.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Givotia= Griff. Leaves dissected.--Species 3. West Africa. Yield timber and fat from the seeds. =Ricinodendron= Muell. Arg. 66. (59.) Stamens 1-4, rarely more, and then ovary many-celled. Disc little developed or wanting. Male flowers without a rudimentary pistil. Style-branches undivided. [Tribe HIPPOMANEAE.] 67 Stamens 5 or more. Ovary 2-4-celled. Style-branches two-cleft or lobed. Sepals 4-8. Shrubs or trees. 74 67. Stamens 8 or more. Calyx cup-shaped, almost entire. Ovary many-celled. Style columnar, many-branched at the top. Fruit a capsule. Trees. Inflorescence spicate; bracts adnate to the rachis throughout their whole length, at first enclosing the flower-buds. Flowers monoecious.--Species 1 (_H. crepitans_ L., sandbox-tree). Naturalized in the tropics. Ornamental tree, yielding oil and medicaments; the fruits are used as sand-boxes; the juice is poisonous. =Hura= L. Stamens 1-4. Ovary 2-4-celled. Bracts adnate to the rachis of the inflorescence by their base only. 68 68. Stamens 1-3, the filaments entirely or almost entirely united. Shrubs or trees. Flowers monoecious. 69 Stamens 2-4, the filaments free or united at the base only. Styles free or united at the base. Ovary 2-3-celled. 71