69. Calyx 3-lobed. Stamens 1-3; filaments free at the top, connective not broadened. Ovary 3-4-celled. Styles united high up. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with a large outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers in panicles.--Species 3. Central Africa. =Maprounea= Aubl. Calyx 4-5-parted. Stamens 2-3; filaments united into a short column. Anthers turned outwards. Ovary 2-3-celled. Fruit a capsule or a drupe. Seeds without an outgrowth. 70 70. Calyx-segments broad. Connective broadened, peltate. Styles united high up. Flowers in panicles.--Species 2. Tropics. =Omphalea= L. Calyx-segments narrow. Connective not broadened. Styles free or united at the base. Flowers in spikes.--Species 2. Central Africa. =Excoecariopsis= Pax 71. Calyx of the male flowers 2-3-toothed or-lobed. Inflorescence terminal. Bracts with two glands. Flowers monoecious. 72 Calyx of the male flowers 2-5-parted. Fruit a capsule with a persistent central column. 73 72. Ripe carpels separating from a 3-parted central column. Seeds without an outgrowth.--Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. They yield timber; one species (_S. sebiferum_ Roxb.) is cultivated for its oily seeds. (Including _Conosapium_ Muell. Arg.). =Sapium= P. Browne Ripe carpels separating from the base of the pericarp, leaving no central column. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum.--Species 5. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous. =Stillingia= L. 73. Seeds with an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers monoecious. Inflorescences terminal or terminal and lateral. Leaves alternate.--Species 3. Central Africa. (_Cnemidostachys_ Mart.) =Sebastiania= Spreng. Seeds without an outgrowth at the hilum. Flowers usually dioecious. Inflorescences usually lateral.--Species 20. Tropical and South Africa. Some are poisonous or are used as ornamental plants. (Including _Taenosapium_ Muell. Arg.) =Excoecaria= L. 74. (66.) Flowers in racemes, monoecious, with a disc. Sepals of the male flowers evidently united below. Stamens 10, free. Leaves palmately divided, sometimes alternating with undivided ones.--Species 3. Cultivated in the tropics. _M. Glaziovii_ Muell. Arg. yields rubber, _M. utilissima_ Pohl and _M. dulcis_ Pax (cassava or mandioc-plants) furnish vegetables, medicaments, and edible roots, from which meal, starch (tapioca), and a spirituous drink are prepared. =Manihot= Adans. Flowers in glomerules, dioecious, rarely monoecious, but then without a disc. Sepals of the male flowers free or nearly so. Leaves undivided. [Tribe GELONIEAE.] 75 75. Sepals 5. Filaments free. Male flowers without a disc and without a rudimentary pistil.--Species 6. Tropical and South Africa. (_Ceratophorus_ Sond., including _Suregada_ Roxb.) =Gelonium= Roxb. Sepals of the female flowers 7-8, the inner petaloid. Filaments united.--Species 1. West Africa. =Chaetocarpus= Thwait. 76. (1.) Calyx of the male flowers with valvate aestivation. Stamens 5-7. Male flowers with a rudimentary pistil. Shrubs or trees. 77