Sessile spikelets 1-flowered, rarely all spikelets stalked and 1-or (_Imperata_) 2-flowered. 52 49. Sessile spikelets containing 2 male flowers, stalked spikelets a male and a female or hermaphrodite flower. Outer glumes of the sessile spikelets awned. Flowering glumes awnless. Spikelets in compound racemes. Leaves lanceolate.--Species 1. Madagascar. =Cyphochlaena= Hack. Sessile spikelets containing a male and an hermaphrodite flower. Flowering glumes of the sessile spikelets nearly always awned. [Subtribe ISCHAEMINAE.] 50 50. Racemes reduced to the 3 terminal spikelets, surrounded by sheathing bracts, fasciculate; fascicles arranged in panicles. Stamens 2-3.--Species 1. Islands of Réunion and Socotra. Used as an ornamental plant. =Apluda= L. Racemes consisting of numerous pairs of spikelets, solitary or digitate; one spikelet of each pair sometimes reduced to the pedicel. Stamens 3. 51 51. Stalked spikelets reduced to the pedicel. Lower outer glume tuberculate.--Species 1. Abyssinia. =Thelepogon= Roth Stalked spikelets 1-2-flowered or reduced to empty glumes.--Species 7. Tropical and South Africa. Some are used as fodder-or garden plants. =Ischaemum= L. 52. Spikelets all alike, hermaphrodite. [Subtribe SACCHARINAE.] 53 Spikelets of two kinds, the sessile hermaphrodite, rarely female, the stalked ones male or neuter, sometimes reduced to the pedicel. [Subtribe ANDROPOGONINAE.] 60 53. Rachis of the raceme jointed. 54 Rachis of the raceme not jointed. 57 54. Racemes more or less palmately arranged on a short main axis, rarely solitary. 55 Racemes arranged in panicles along a slender main axis, silky. Spikelets in pairs. 56 55. Spikelets solitary on the branches of the inflorescence, all sessile. Flowering glumes awned from the back. Leaves cordate-lanceolate.--Species 5. Tropics. =Arthraxon= Beauv. Spikelets in pairs on the branches of the inflorescence, one sessile, the other stalked. Flowering glumes awned from the tip, rarely awnless. Leaves linear or lanceolate with a narrow base.--Species 5. South and East Africa, Madagascar and the neighbouring islands. (Including _Eulalia_ Kunth) =Pollinia= Trin. 56. Flowering glume produced into a bristle or awn.--Species 5. South Africa, southern Central Africa, and Algeria. Some are used as ornamental plants or for plaiting mats. =Erianthus= Michx. Flowering glume unarmed like the other glumes.--Species 5. One of them (_S. officinarum L._, sugar-cane) known only in a cultivated state. It is used for the manufacture of sugar, syrup, rum, and wax, also as a vegetable and a fodder-plant. =Saccharum= L. 57. Spikelets in pairs along the rachis of the raceme, awnless. Outer glumes 3, membranous, silky. Stamens 1-2.--Species 1 (_I. cylindrica_ P. Beauv.) Sometimes a noxious weed in plantations, but also used for paper-making, and as a fodder-, medicinal or ornamental plant. =Imperata= Cyr. Spikelets scattered along the rachis of the raceme, awned. 58