58. Outer glumes 3, the two lower stiff. Flowering glume very small, ending in a long awn. Panicle spreading, hairy.--Species 2. Central Africa. =Cleistachne= Benth. Outer glumes 2. Flowering glume rather large, with a usually short awn in a terminal notch or on the back. Panicle spike-like. 59 59. Stigmas projecting at the tip of the spikelet, short-haired all round. Outer glumes awnless, rarely with a short awn. (See 41.) =Alopecurus= L. Stigmas projecting near the base of the spikelet, feathery. Outer glumes with usually long awns.--Species 6. North Africa, Abyssinia, and South Africa. Some are used as ornamental plants. “Beardgrass.” =Polypogon= Desf. 60. (52.) Racemes bearing at their base a false whorl of 4 male or neuter spikelets and subtended by a spathe-like bract, more rarely without a bract. 61 Racemes without a whorl of male or neuter spikelets at their base, rarely surrounded by an imperfect whorl of spikelets, but then racemes in pairs subtended by a common spathe. 62 61. Hermaphrodite spikelets produced at the base into an appendage decurrent along the rachis, easily separating from the whorl of spikelets below them.--Species 2. (_Anthistiria_ L. fil.). =Themeda= Forsk. Hermaphrodite spikelets without a decurrent appendage at the base, falling together with the whorl of spikelets below them.--Species 1. Naturalized in the Island of Mauritius. (Under _Anthistiria_ L. fil.) =Iseilema= Anders. 62. Spikelets all stalked, in pairs, the longer-stalked hermaphrodite, the shorter-stalked male. Rachis of the raceme indistinctly jointed. Racemes terminal, solitary or 2-3 together.--Species 1. Tropical and South Africa. =Trachypogon= Nees Spikelets partly sessile, partly stalked. Rachis of the raceme distinctly jointed, fragile at maturity, rarely indistinctly or not jointed, but then spikelets in clusters of three, arranged in panicles. 63 63. Lowest outer glume marked with two transparent balsamiferous streaks, usually 2-toothed. Glumes awnless. Racemes solitary; rachis nearly always silky.--Species 10. Tropical and South Africa. =Elionurus= Humb. & Bonpl. Lowest outer glume without balsamiferous streaks. Flowering glumes of the sessile spikelets awned, very rarely awnless and then racemes nearly always panicled. 64 64. Flowering glumes awned from the back. Leaves cordate at the base. (See 55.) =Arthraxon= Beauv. Flowering glumes awned from the tip or awnless. Leaves not cordate.--Species 110. The sorghum or Guinea corn (_A. Sorghum_ Brot.) is cultivated as a cereal and used for manufacturing sugar, spirituous drinks, dyes, and brushware. Other species are used in perfumery (lemon-grass, vetiver-root) and medicine, for plaiting-work, or as fodder-or garden-plants. (Including _Anatherum_ Beauv., _Chrysopogon_ Trin., _Cymbopogon_ Spreng., _Euclaste_ Franch., _Heterochloa_ Desv., _Heteropogon_ Pers., _Homopogon_ Stapf, and _Sorghum_ Pers.) =Andropogon= L.